Product costing systems in modern manufacturing organisations Product costing refers to the process of assigning shared direct and indirect costs to individual products‚ customers‚ branches or other cost items. (USAID‚ 2007) Product costing is also referred to as assigning costs to inventory and production based on the expenses that go into producing or buying inventory. It is an important process for manufacturers that helps improves management information on products and helps managers and the
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PROCESS COSTING DR. ALOK DIXIT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT LUCKNOW COSTING SYSTEMS USED TO DETERMINE PRODUCT COSTS Costing Systems Process Costing Job-order Costing Mass production of identical or similar products (at process-level). For example‚ Sugar‚ food‚ chemical industry. Many units of a single‚ homogeneous product flow evenly through continuous production process(s). One unit of product is indistinguishable (at process-level) from any other unit of product. Each unit
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1. Which of the following statements regarding fire-retardant treatment of wood is MOST accurate? A. the fire retardant is intended to occur at temperatures lower than those developed in fires. B. the fire retardant is intended to occur at temperatures higher than those developed in fires C. all chemicals used as fire retardants can be used for exterior applications D. fire retardant treatment of wood increases its strength 2. Most fire-retardant chemicals operate by: A. accelerating the
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activity-based costing and the theory of constraints‚ as well as situations in which one approach might be preferable to the other. 5-48 Cycle time efficiency and JIT Walker Brothers Company is considering installing a JIT manufacturing system in the hope that it will improve its overall processing cycle efficiency. Data from the traditional system and estimates for the JIT system are presented here for their Nosun Product: TIME CATEGORY TRADITIONAL SYSTEM JIT SYSTEM Storage 4
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2. Establishing a Selling Price for the product Based on the market research of a new product and also the market condition‚ the selling price is established. The desired profit margin is subtracted from the target selling price to determine the target cost. If the target cost is below the company’s current cost‚ the company may decide to introduce the product and functional cost analysis may attempt to reduce cost to an acceptable level. If the target cost is above the current cost‚ functional
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ACG 6315 1.For which of the following products would job order costing be least likely to be used? Textbook printing Newsprint paper Manufacturing Mortgage loan processing Residential building 2.Which of the following costs are treated as part of the cost of product? Wages of plant security guards Insurance on the plant building and equipment All of the above are product costs Depreciation on the kitchen sink in the plant cafeteria 3. If a cost is identical under each alternative
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PROCESS COSTING-SINGLE DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION In process costing system‚ a large number of homogenous products passed through several production departments where each department is responsible for one or more operations that bring a product one step closer to completion. In each department‚ materials‚ labor and overhead inputs may be needed and upon completion of a particular process‚ the partially completed goods are transferred to another process. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF JOB ORDER
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indirect cost incurred in manufacturing a product. It includes all the indirect manufacturing costs. Direct material and direct labor will not be included in the manufacturing costs‚ as they will be separately reported in prime costs. Generally‚ following are the examples of manufacturing costs: a. Indirect labor b. Indirect material c. Other indirect manufacturing costs. Developing pre-determined overhead rate: Pre-determine overheads are the rates developed by the companies to assign the cost of
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Activity based costing Activity based costing is an accounting method that is created to provide manager with cost information and other that potentially affect capacity. Activity based costing is used to determine product costs for management report. This method is commonly use as a complete to the company costing system. There are two activity based costing system that most organization use. The two are the official costing system that used for preparing external financial reports and activity
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Two general approaches are used for costing products for the purpose of valuing inventories and cost of goods sold. One approach is called absorption costing. Absorption costing is generally used for external financial reports. The other approach called variable costing is preferred by some companies for internal decision making and must be used when an income statement is prepared in the contribution format. Ordinarily absorption costing and variable costing produce different figures for net income
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