1a. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that have fourteen various structures however the most common form is that of a homotetramer. The homotetramer is often found in the membrane and composed of four aquaporin membranes. The structural arrangement creates a fifth channel in the middle that allows for gas transportation. 1b. The direction of H2O molecular flow through a channel is determined by an osmotic gradient. 1c. One of the mechanisms that prevents proton channeling is due to the (ar/R) and
Premium Atom Water Cell membrane
Investigating the effects of temperature on cell membranes Independent variable: Temperature of beetroot Dependent variable: Absorbency of light Hypothesis: As temperature rises to its optimum temperature‚ the absorbency of light will increase because protein is an enzyme and will therefore be affected by temperature. This is because more beetroot dye will pass through the cell membrane and then into the distilled water. The deeper the colour of the beetroot dye‚ the higher the absorbency
Premium
structure of the plasma membrane and explain the process of active and passive transport through the membrane. The plasma membrane is made up of proteins that form pores and channels‚ carbohydrate molecules that are used for cell recognition and cholesterol to provide membrane stability. Phospholipid molecules are the most abundant component found in the plasma membrane. Phospholipids molecules are composed of a phosphate head and a lipid tail; the structure of a cell membrane is a double layer
Premium Cell membrane Lipid bilayer Cholesterol
The glass slide is slowly lowered down on the epidermal layer using the needle; 3. The onion cells are examined through the microscope; 4. The structure of the onion cells is drawn as observed under the microscope. Results & Observations: In the hypotonic solution the water will move from the solution to the onion cells which will become bigger. PART 2 Procedure: 1. The distilled water is removed using the filter paper; 2. A drop of 5% of sucrose solution is
Premium Management United States Strategic management
Semi-Permeable Membrane Schneider‚ Justin* Sec 16 and Thomas Hudson Introduction Water is the principle solvent in cells. There are three conditions that a cell may be subjected to in the cells physical environment. The cells may be isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ and hypertonic. Isotonic is when the cell and is environment have equal concentrations of solutes. Therefore cells in an isotonic solution do not experience osmosis. When the cell is hypotonic it has a lower concentration of solutes so water
Premium Osmosis Concentration Diffusion
is generated. Collaterals‚ terminals An axon can branch‚ forming many axon ___. At the end‚ axons branch to form many axon ___. Schwann cells What support cell forms the myelin sheath? Integral proteins What structures in the cell membrane function as ion channels? 1) Charge 2) Size 3) How much water the ion can attract and hold What three characteristics of ions are important for selectivity? Nongated Channels can be classified as either gated or nongated channels. A Na+
Premium Neuron Action potential Axon
problem of constitution’s weakness was Article 48‚ which was enacted in 1919. This article gave president so-called sole power whenever he want. President could use this article in emergency situation and have law of veto. So if president was different oriented than leading party in Reichstag‚ that could cause many conflicts like later‚ in 1930’s when was president Hindenburg in charge and the leading party was NAZI party. Hindenburg didn’t accept any of NAZI law offers‚ so people started to hate Paul
Premium Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg Adolf Hitler
Determining the Solute Concentration of a Potato Aim: In this investigation I am going to work out the sugar concentration of a potato. I aim to find this out by putting potato cores into various concentrations‚ measuring the mass before and after. Due to osmosis the potato cores will change in mass to make the concentrations at an isotonic level‚ helping us to work out the mass of the potato. I predict that potato in the weaker solutions will gain mass‚ because some water will be absorbed by the
Free Concentration Solution
Detail and evaluate the role of any one of the neurotransmitters using examples of direct measurement and/or manipulation All neurotransmitters are essential for the organisation of the body system‚ as they are chemicals through which neurons communicate. Neurons are specialised cells of the nervous system specialised cells that bring sensory information to the brain and perform other functional roles such as the processing of thoughts‚ actions‚ memories and behaviours (Martin‚ Carlson‚ Buskist
Premium Dopamine
Lab: Spectral Analysis Analysis 1. What causes each line to appear? Each line is able to appear because an excited electron was unstable and had to fall back to a more stable energy level‚ creating energy in the form of light. However‚ to understand this‚ one must understand what causes an electron to be excited. So from the very beginning‚ a person named Max Plank proposed a theory that energy is emitted and absorbed in quantities called “quanta.” Einstein then came along and said that light
Premium Quantum mechanics Light Electron