The budgeting process Question IM 15.1 Intermediate Outline: (a) the objectives of budgetary planning and control systems; (7 marks) (b) the organization required for the preparation of a master budget. (10 marks) (Total 17 marks) ACCA Level 1 Costing Question IM 15.2 Intermediate The preparation of budgets is a lengthy process which requires great care if the ultimate master budget is to be useful for the purposes of management control within an organization. You are required:
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Budgeting System Paper Line-item Budget System The major advantage of line-item budgeting is its simplicity. Any staff member‚ board member‚ volunteer or interested citizen can pick up the line-item budget of a human service agency and see (a) the source and amount of the agency’s revenues‚ (b) how the funds will be used in terms of staff‚ equipment‚ facilities‚ travel‚ and so on‚ and (c) if the budget is balanced. The major disadvantages of line-item budgeting systems are twofold. First‚ line-item
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INTRODUCTION “Not only had India….set up his own machinery for oil exploration and exploitation….an efficient oil commission had been build where a large number of bright young men and women had been trained and they were doing good work.” -Pandit Janwarlal Nehru to Lord Mountbatten‚ on ONGC (1959) ONGC Group of Companies comprising of ONGC Limited‚ and its subsidiaries ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL)‚ ONGC Nile Ganga BV (ONGBV) and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) organize
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Public Budgeting 1 Public Budgeting Introduction Public finance comprises any revenues or expenditures passing through state budgets‚ derived from whatever source and however spent. Public finance has to be accounted for within governmental budgets for it to qualify as public finance (Bailey‚ 2003). This paper will discuss the concept of public finance and its philosophy. There is a comparison of governmental accounting and nongovernmental accounting‚ and an explanation of the relationship
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Planning and Budgeting “Planning and budgeting are the two key major roles in the financial functioning of a healthcare organization. Planning covers the entire process and procedures of preparing the organization for their future financial goals. Budgeting include all of the detailed plans‚ which are expressed in dollar terms and they tell how the organizations resources will be obtained and used during a specific time period” (Gapenski‚ p. 253 & 259). In this paper there will be a brief discussion
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like France and Russia they had an absolute monarchy. This is when one person had all the power and wealth. In England‚ people believed in a democracy. This is when there was a limit to royal power to protect the rights of the people. Although both forms of government had their strength and weaknesses‚ absolutism was the most effective during this time. Absolutism was more effective than a democracy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. An absolute monarch is when there was one ruler
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Week Two Read Me First MANAGERIAL BUDGETING Introduction This week covers the various cost descriptors such as fixed‚ variable‚ direct‚ indirect and the budget cycle. We will discuss applying cost-benefit analysis to an organizational situation and how it is used at different levels of public budgeting‚ governmental‚ and non-profit accounting. We will discuss line item budgeting‚ program budgeting‚ and performance budgeting This Week in Relation to the Course In the first week we
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introduction The budgeting process is utilized by managers to calculate and document the costs associated with running and keeping a business operating at a healthy level are estimated‚ expected revenues are projected‚ and then decisions are made which define how much debt you are in and how much can afford to borrow‚ and how much you can afford to spend on new purchases‚ new employees or new ventures. A budget must be established to measure current financial performance‚ detect substantial changes
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indefinable. In fact‚ it has been said that "The discovery of truth is the sole purpose of philosophy". Clearly‚ we are in deep water on this topic. Some believe in absolute truth‚ while others believe truth is relative. I believe truth is not absolute when it comes to the names of physical things. Nevertheless‚ I do believe truth is absolute when it comes to moral things. Aside from those‚ I believe that God is absolutely true. First‚ from the time someone is born to their death‚ every human is
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Computerized Budgeting MGMT 360 Budgeting has been a major part of forecasting how companies spend their money throughout the fiscal year. In most companies‚ the words “it’s budget time”‚ strike fear in the hearts of employees. Financial officers and management accountants brace themselves for reconciling reams of spreadsheets that may reveal wildly different data depending on order and configuration. Non finance employees in various divisions scurry to understand their role in the budgeting process
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