Efficiency entails in providing public services at the lowest cost without compromising quality. In performance budgeting‚ resources allocation is based on results. Efficiency will be achieved through performance management where all police tasks will be funded based on performance. Effectiveness refers to the ability of police performance to meet expectations. Effectiveness
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What’s your real cost of capital? By James J. McNulty‚ Tony D. Yeh‚ William s. Schulze‚ and Michael H. Lubatkin Harvard Business Review‚ October 2002 Issue of the article: valuing investment projects Number of pages: 12 Daniel Miravet Campos Part 1. Executive summary This article is fundamentally based on the exposition of a new method to calculate the cost of capital for a company (MCPM)‚ to meet the inefficiencies of the current one (CAPM). In valuing any investment project or
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and according to Kant‚ it is absolute. For example‚ a maxim like “I must not lie” might be extrapolated into the imperative “Do not lie” according to Kant’s formulation. However‚ the concept of absolute moral law faces a problem in a case in which multiple moral laws run counter to each other. The famous “murderer at the door” problem is an example of this situation. A murderer knocks on the door of a house‚ asking if his potential victim is inside. The man who answers the door‚ knowing that the victim
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Critically reflect on the importance of capital budgeting. Why is this heated subject in many boardrooms? How does capital budgeting promote the financial health of an organization? How will you use the financial techniques you have learned this week to promote the financial health of your organization? A capital budget is very important for a business. It is a heated subject because a decision about capital budgeting can help the business to determine if the proposed investments or project are
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non-programmed decisions Prepared by: Rehab Mohamed Abd El Rasoule PROGRAMMED AND NONPROGRAMMED DECISIONS Programmed decisions: Programmed decision are decisions that have been made so many times in the past that managers have developed rules or guideline to be applied when certain situations are expected to occur in a certain situation. Another definition: It’s made in accordance with written or unwritten policies‚ procedures‚ or rules that simplify decision making
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attribute‚ Kant then argued that reason was the second most important human attribute and therefore was possible to set up valid absolute to set up valid absolute moral rules on a basis of reason alone‚ not by reference to any supernatural being or by empirical evidence but by the same kind of logical reasoning. According to Kant’s the first requirement for an absolute moral truth is must be logically consistent evidence. Meaning to say here‚ every single action taken by the public administrators
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INTRODUCTION WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 1. Introduction 2. Need of working capital 3. Gross working capital 4. Net working capital 5. Determinants of working capital Working capital management Working capital management is concerned with the problems arise in attempting to manage the current assets‚the current liabilities and the inter relationship that exist between them. The term current assets refers to those assets which inordinary course of business can be‚or
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Hobbes argues that the sovereign’s absolute authority is vital to the self-preservation and maintenance of civil peace of the commonwealth. Without these‚ there would be civil war and chaos. He believes that the benefits of having a sovereign outweigh the disadvantages‚ despite the many rights that the sovereign is entitled to. This is why Hobbes believes that those living under the rule of the sovereign still exercise freedom. For Hobbes‚ liberty is defined as the ability to act in accordance to
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The death penalty is something about which many people do not have a clear opinion. It is considered to be the punishment of execution‚ administered to someone convicted of a capital crime. Many people support the death penalty‚ while others wish for the death penalty to be abolished. My personal opinion on the death penalty is that it should be administered only in cases of certain crimes such as: serial murder‚ serial rape‚ and terrorism. Groups that support the death penalty often
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The Answer by Karl Nemsow Voyager1 sails through deep space all alone. It has been on its journey since 1977 sending back glimpses of the solar system to help humankind find some answers. One of the greatest questions asked by humankind is what‚ or who‚ else might exist out in our grandiose cosmos. A cosmos 13.7 billion years old‚ which is so massive that it is incomprehensible to the human mind. Dr Vince Hawking tried to comprehend such concepts every single day. It made him wonder if
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