PROCESS COSTING DR. ALOK DIXIT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT LUCKNOW COSTING SYSTEMS USED TO DETERMINE PRODUCT COSTS Costing Systems Process Costing Job-order Costing Mass production of identical or similar products (at process-level). For example‚ Sugar‚ food‚ chemical industry. Many units of a single‚ homogeneous product flow evenly through continuous production process(s). One unit of product is indistinguishable (at process-level) from any other unit of product. Each unit
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Advantages: Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler - It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others‚ therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5]‚ which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers
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adopting a one-tier corporate tax system effect from 1 January 2003. In Malaysia‚ it is referred as the ‘single tier’ system. The government allowed a six-year transitional period to enable companies with unutilized dividend franking credits to pay franked dividends. From 1 January 2008‚ all resident companies in Singapore will come under the one-tier system. Meanwhile‚ other countries including Hong Kong‚ Ireland and also Malaysia are adopting the one-tier system effective from 1 January 2014. Generally
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for acid from the meaning of sour. So‚ in France‚ we have acide. In Germany‚ we have säure from saure and in Russia‚ kislota from kisly. Base Property #1: The word "base" has a more complex history (see below) and its name is not related to taste. All bases taste bitter. For example‚ mustard is a base. It tastes bitter. Many medicines‚ because they are bases‚ taste bitter. This is the reason cough syrups are advertised as having a "great grape taste." The taste is added in order to cover the bitterness
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determined by colorimetric titration‚ and the identity of an unknown acid was determined by potentiometric titration. In the first titration‚ a strong acid standard‚ potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP)‚ was used‚ to determine the concentration of a strong base‚ sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In order to do so‚ we prepared NaOH solution‚ prepared a buret‚ and standardized this solution by performing a colorimetric titration of the KHP with the solution until a color change was present. The color change was introduced
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profits reported under variable and absorption costing differ? How can we reconcile the profits reported under the two approaches? Profits reported under variable and absorption costing will differ when inventory increases or decreases during the year. The difference involves the timing with which fixed manufacturing overhead becomes an expense. Under variable costing‚ fixed overhead is expensed immediately as it is incurred. Under absorption costing‚ fixed overhead is inventoried until the manufactured
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Periodic Actual Cost Processing Logic An Oracle White Paper June 2003 Periodic Actual Cost Processing Logic Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Overview ................................................................................... 1 2.0 Introduction................................................................................................. 2 3.0 FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS ...................................................................... 2 4.0 PRE-REQUISITE..............................
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BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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COSTING SUPPORT AND COST CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING A COST ESTIMATION TOOL APPLIED IN THE SHEET METAL DOMAIN PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Twente‚ op gezag van de rector magnificus‚ prof.dr. F.A. van Vught‚ volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 3 mei 2002 te 15.00 uur. door Erik ten Brinke geboren op 15 maart 1973 te Hardenberg Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door: de promotor prof.dr.ir. H
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0 Introduction</b><br>In this report I will be concentrating on the failure of software systems. To understand why software systems fail we need to understand what are software systems. Software systems are a type of information system. This is because a software system is basically a means for hardware to process information. Flynn ’s definition of an information system is:<br><br>"An information system provides procedures to record and make available information‚ concerning part of an organization
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