2.1 Agency Theory‚ Multinational Corporation‚ and Religiosity Over time‚ the raising issue on agency theory where conflict of interest between shareholders who act as the principal and managers who act as the agent has become a big research topic in corporate governance. Fama and Jensen (1983) argue within large and small organizations there is control instrument that deals with the agency problem caused by the separation of ownership and control. The same issue intensifies within multinational
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2005 to 80% in 2008. Porter and Kramer (2006: 80) declare that CSR is more likely to be advantages such as ‘opportunity‚ innovation‚ and competitive advantage’ for a company rather than disadvantages such as ‘cost‚ constraint or charitable deed’. This essay aims to explain and evaluate the extent to which this statement implies‚ and the benefits and drawbacks of CSR in terms of the short run and long run development in corporations. The complicated connotation of CSR results in the difficulty of
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of how these agreements function. Finally I address some of the normative issues that must be confronted if legal philosophers who hold retributivist views on punishment and sentencing hope to assess this device. My judgment tends to be favorable. More importantly‚ I caution against the facile assumption that any means to infringe the presumption is necessarily an illegitimate part of penal practice. Keywords Presumption of innocence Á Retributivism Á Corporate criminality Á Deferred prosecution
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liability of the shareholders. However‚ under certain circumstances the corporate entity may be disregarded. This is also known as piercing the corporate veil and is the most frequent method for holding the shareholders liable for the acts of a corporation. Corporate officers‚ directors and controlling shareholders have a general fiduciary duty of loyalty and care which should govern all their corporate conduct. Unless they breach that duty by gross negligence or acts in bad faith‚ they usually will
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Corporation – A separate legal entity that has an existence at law that is separable from those who form it. It is a separate legal entity in the sense that it has an existence at law‚ but no material existence. * It is separate and distinct from its shareholders * A properly authorized agent may bind the corporation in contract with third parties. * Shareholders possess limited liability for the debts of the corporation‚ and creditors may look only to the assets of the corporation to
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Reaction Essay: The Corporation The documentary The Corporation‚ directed by Jennifer Abbott and Mark Achbar and produced in 2004‚ although bias‚ opens many doors for discussion in regard to capitalism and the role of corporations in our lives. I found the documentary to be presented professionally‚ and filled with legitimate facts more so than extreme opinion. The documentary truly outlines the "all-pervasive" role the corporation has taken as the "world’s dominant institution". The film opens
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Business Ethics The Corporation ‘The Corporation’ had a specific aim to portray the problems of not just one corporation‚ but corporations as a whole‚ as is evident from the beginning of the film as a multitude of big business logos flashed across the screen. The film proceeded to highlight the issues surrounding: globalization and consumerism‚ environmental pollution and disregard for the planet‚ unethical marketing‚ and dishonest media. Personally‚ I feel that I’m quite open-minded when it comes
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The primary advantage of a corporate form of business is that a corporation is a stand-alone entity‚ which means you are not personally liable for the assets and debts of the business. Incorporating protects your personal assets from lawsuits‚ debt collection and other business issues that can arise. The stand-alone entity also separates tax liabilities‚ which is another advantage. This means that the corporation’s taxes are separate from your personal tax liabilities. As a business
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You are required to prepare an investigative report on a recent corporate scandal that involved improper accounting practices or any form of financial scandal. Your report must include the following: an overview of the corporation a description of the scandal methodology - explaining the specific accounting impropriety that the company used. an explanation of how the firm managed to hide their accounting improprieties a discussion of who the scandal effected - both inside‚ and outside
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and then make a pragmatic decision. My first contention is that PMFs are an important tool for self-defense and ally defense purposes. A) As with personal self-defense if an immanent threat is perceived you may use any means necessary to defend yourself even if it results in the attackers death. The United States may also use any means necessary to defend itself whether that mean using the regular military or the more experienced and specialized PMFs. We should have PMFs in our possession for
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