Outline & evaluate the cognitive interview. (12 marks) The cognitive interview was devised by psychologists in order to eliminate the effects of misleading questions and misleading information. The process consists of first reporting everything the witness can remember‚ even information they believe to be unimportant. Then the witness is asked to mentally instate their experience‚ where they mentally use their sense to recall information. After this the witness is asked to change the order in
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Bandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory The social-cognitive theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1925- ) has become the most influential theory of learning and development. It considers that people learn from one another‚ including such concepts as observational learning‚ imitation‚ and modeling. This theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive‚ behavioral‚ and environmental influences. The four-step pattern of observational learning consists of: (1)
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Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Introduction Our thought process plays a very important role in how we feel generally and in what we do. There is a type of psychotherapy that places emphasis on this role that our thought process plays in these situations and it is called cognitive behavioral therapy. This theory focus on the idea that all our attitudes‚ feelings and behaviors are caused by our thoughts‚ and not by external factors such as events‚ people and situations that we encounter. There is
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The Cognitive Association Theory discusses drug addiction through others‚ individuals value‚ attitudes‚ and motives for criminal behavior. The addiction of the drug is used by withdrawal of distress‚ but without the absence of withdrawal‚ then one does not become addicted. The addiction is quick and permanent‚ especially if one uses other drugs. Some have solid concrete evidence support for this theory. Thio‚ Taylor‚ and Schwartz‚ state‚ “among patients who have been given morphine to kill their
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key points are treatment approaches‚ the risk factors‚ and creating a working relationship with the adolescent. The more popular treatment approach is the Cognitive-behavioral theory. This theory is a combination of classical/operant learning theory‚ cognition‚ and social learning theory. The cognitive-behavioral therapy helps adolescents enhance coping skills to overcome the addictive habits. The risk factors in the article are addressed in two sections‚ contextual and individual. Contextual discusses
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Judging Cognitive-Enhancing Drugs Most people know steroids are wrong because of the negative side effects‚ but what about a drug that could improve a person’s attention? It’s not clear whether healthy individuals should or should not use medication or drugs to improve cognitive abilities such as working memory or attention. At their genesis‚ cognitive-enhancing drugs such as Provigil or Ritalin were developed to aid patients suffering from narcolepsy‚ Alzheimer’s disease or ADHD with their cognitive
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Festinger (1957) describes cognitive dissonance as the internal need for consistency between beliefs‚ attitudes‚ behaviors and actions also known as cognitions. When cognitions are misaligned a dissonance is created and human nature warrants the restoration of a harmonious balance.
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general cognitive ability is necessary for a successful soldier. There are lots of pre-test that have to be taken and passed for placement. This is one of the differences with the armed forces versus other career fields. Often times leaders might not have a lot of general cognitive ability‚ but they do have a lot of crystallized cognitive ability. Most of the time businesses promote people based on experience‚ years worked‚ and personal relationships. This is a huge factor of why most people
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Parental Belief Systems Across Cultures (Position Paper 1)– January 28th‚ 2014 The cultural approach to cognitive development focuses on how experiences of a certain culture affects how people think and develop. It has been established that the majority of cultures contribute to cognitive development through learning social processes and encouraging engagement in daily activity.1 I feel that parental beliefs systems in various cultures strongly impact children’s psychological development. This
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Behaviorism v.s. cognitive theory. Its about the process not the product. What did the child do to get themselves to this reward or punishment. Its like cause and effect but with more detail. If children receive emphasis on the journey then they are more likely to learn from it. Cognitive theory does do a better job at rewards and punishments as a whole. The more cognitive theory is practiced I think will lead to higher levels of self-regulation in children. If children can think about the actions
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