History of Psychology Psychology is defined as "the study of behavior and mental processes". Philosophical interest in the mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt‚ Greece‚ China‚ and India. Psychology as a self-conscious field of experimental study began in 1879‚ when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Leipzig. Wundt was also the first person who wrote the first textbook on psychology: Principles of Physiological
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Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance is having a thought‚ idea‚ attitude‚ or belief that seems to be out of tune. Cognitive dissonance tends to result in different ways based on the situation that it occurs in. If a person is forced to say an opinion that differs from their own‚ they experience an out of tune feeling. In Roger Hock’s book “Forty Studies that Changed Psychology‚” he recognizes the study of cognitive dissonance performed by Leon Festinger. In “Thoughts Out of Tune‚” the article
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Honors Psych Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance theory has been around since the late fifties. It has inspired many psychologists to figure out the murky depths of people’s minds. The theory relates strongly to decision making‚ social phenomenons and mental angst. Many paradigms exist within cognitive dissonance. Two important paradigms are the Belief Disconfirmation paradigm and the Free Choice paradigm. There are several experiments that have been studied that relate to cognitive dissonance
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Cognitive Anthropology Tara Robertson and Duke Beasley (Note: authorship is arranged stratigraphically with the most recent author listed first) Basic Premises: Cognitive anthropology is an idealist approach to studying the human condition. The field of cognitive anthropology focuses on the study of the relation between human culture and human thought. In contrast with some earlier anthropological approaches to culture‚ cultures are not regarded as material phenomena‚ but rather cognitive organizations
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CHAPTER 1 – THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY YOU KNOW YOU ARE READY FOR THE TEST IF YOU ARE ABLE TO… • Define psychology and describe the goals that psychologists hope to achieve. • Describe the history of psychology. • Discuss the current state of psychology‚ including the most common perspectives and major professions in the field. • Describe the scientific method and discuss its strengths and weaknesses. • Explain the basic guidelines and ethical concerns of psychological research. • Introduce
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Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Contents Introduction to the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance…………………………………………………………..3 Theories and Research in Cognitive Dissonance………………………………………………………………….4 Cognitive Dissonance - Driving the Escalation of Commitment…………………………………………..6 Cognitive dissonance in the workplace……………………………………………………………………………….8 WAYS TO REDUCE COGNITIVE DISSONANCE……………………………………………………………………….9 HOW CAN A MANAGER/ORGANIZATION HELP REDUCE COGNITIVE DISSONANCE……………
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Introduction Cognitive failure is defined as absent-mindedness‚ that is‚ mistakes or errors people make because of slips of attention or memory failure (Reason and Mycielska‚ 1982). Their origin has been traced to memory problems‚ attention problems errors in the implementation of intentions or errors caused by distractions. It also involves clumsiness and problems in social interactions or problems in processing information. Mostly students are prone to experience cognitive failure. If
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‘The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology’ In this paper Lee Cronbach delivers his visionary presidential address to the American Psychological Association (APA)‚ calling for the unification of experimental and correlational psychology in which he argued that psychology continues to this day to be limited by the dedication of its investigators to one or the other method of inquiry rather than to scientific psychology as a whole. He discusses the two streams on branches of psychology that have
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Source: http://psychology.about.com Psychology Today‚ psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand‚ explain‚ and predict human behavior. Psychological studies are highly structured‚ beginning with a hypothesis that is then empirically tested. The discipline has two major areas of focus: academic psychology and applied psychology. Academic psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality‚ social behavior and human
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PSY 101 - Introductory Psychology San Diego State University Fall Semester 2014 – TTH 8:00 Section Instructor:Mark A. Laumakis‚ Ph.D. (pronounced la-may-kiss) Office: Life Sciences North 109 (I am only there on Thursdays from 11 a.m. until 12 noon) Phone:(619) 594-1933 E-mail: mlaumakis@mail.sdsu.eduOffice Hours: Tuesday (online) and Thursday (in Life Sciences North 109) 11 a.m. – 12 noon Class Time/Location:Tuesday: online in Blackboard Collaborate / Thursday 8:00-9:15 a.m. in AL-201 NOTE:
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