inflows and outflows over a certain period of time. Its main use is to predict business’s ability to take in more cash than it pays out. The process for preparing a monthly budget includes: • Listing of all sources of monthly income • Listing of all required‚ fixed expenses‚ like rent/mortgage‚ utilities‚ phone • Listing of other possible and variable expenses Advantages of Budgeting 1. A basis for internal audit for regularly evaluating departmental result 2. Scarce resources can be
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play in budgeting? Businesses use budgets to try to prevent from spending more money on business operations than what is deemed necessary in order to generate profits. Accounting assists in preparing budgets. The accounting department is responsible for managing the budget and tracking expenses. Concentration on sorting the numbers‚ balancing‚ recording‚ and reporting on the figures to ensure accuracy would be their specialty. What responsibilities does management have in budgeting? Management
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INTRODUCTION “Not only had India….set up his own machinery for oil exploration and exploitation….an efficient oil commission had been build where a large number of bright young men and women had been trained and they were doing good work.” -Pandit Janwarlal Nehru to Lord Mountbatten‚ on ONGC (1959) ONGC Group of Companies comprising of ONGC Limited‚ and its subsidiaries ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL)‚ ONGC Nile Ganga BV (ONGBV) and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) organize
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If Venerus implements the suggested methodology‚ what would be the range of discount rates that AES would use around the world? * 12% discount rate was used for all projects * Venerus felt that this model worked fairly well * In 1990s this model of capital budgeting was exported to projects overseas * model became increasingly strained with the expansions in Brazil and Argentina * because hedging key exposures such as regulatory or currency risk was not feasible
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Appropriate Technology 1. Appropriate Technology There is unanimity among the economists over the choice of AT. According to Yale Brozen‚ “ the AT for an area depends on its resources‚ patterns and its markets. It is therefore defined as an amalgam of skills methods‚ techniques and equipments that can contribute towards solving the basic soci-economic problems of the concerned communities”. • AT should‚ be utilized for development purposes in the name of social justice
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semi-annually. If your required rate of return is 10%‚ what is the value of the bond? How would your answer change if the interest were paid annually? 7) Sharp Co. bonds are selling in the market for $1‚045. These 15 year bonds pay 7% interest annually on a $1‚000 par value. If they are purchased at the market price‚ what is the expected rate of return? 8) You own a bond that pays $100 in annual interest‚ with a $1‚000 par value. It matures in 15 years. Your required rate of return is 10 percent.
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Banks review the cash budgets and examine the underlying assumptions‚ checking to see if they are realistic. For example when a person is starting a new company‚ the banks look at how the economic state is and see if the expected amount of sales is reasonable when compared to competitors. Banks also check if the projections are supported by the past performance of the company‚ when they are the look to see if the projections are dependable and conservative. They also want to see if the assumptions are
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doesn’t an eye for an eye leave the whole world blind? What if this man was falsely accused and he is innocent? He could be an upstanding citizen and a positive attribute to society. He might even have a family of his own to care and provide for. Capital punishment exists because some believe it deters crime. If criminals know their punishment will be death‚ they will not commit murder. Some believe a death for a death is fair. They believe it gives some closure and peace because the murderer is rid
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decades have seen criticisms of budgeting techniques as management cost controlling systems. We have seen many writers mention about the widespread dissatisfaction with the bureaucratic exercise in cost-cutting that budgeting is accused of having become. Budgets are accused of being out of touch with the needs of the modern business and said of taking too long‚ costing too much and encouraging all sorts of perverse behaviour. However‚ it is generally accepted that budgeting is a necessary evil‚ and that
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Contents Introduction Budgeting The Three Periods Forecasting Suggestions Technological advances in the Hospitality Industry Conclusion References Introduction The Newtown Central Hotel runs a 100 bedroom three star city centre hotel part of a global chain. The present report purpose is to evaluate the implementation of a range of strategies in order to achieve profitable room sales‚ looking at the past 3 period’s figures and using group results from the first assignment (yield management
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