Notions of ‘systems’ as ‘complex wholes’ abound; ‘systems of interest’ to engineers are understood in a distinctive way. We reveal our systems thinking through language‚ images‚ models‚ specifications & references that assist understanding. We rely on ‘user‐judged’ words such as system‚ project‚ risk‚ network‚ reliability‚ environment‚ need‚ effectiveness. Their meaning is socially constructed – even within a single discipline. System a system is a set of interrelated components working together
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strategies for growth: ee market penetration‚ ne market development‚ en product development‚nn diversification downsizing: eliminate products/units that are not profitable/no longer fit the overall strategy prod and serv lvls of prod core cust. value > actual prod: features‚ design‚ packaging‚ quality‚ brand name > augmented prod: warranty‚ after-sale serv.‚ prod support‚ delivery/credit prod+serv class consumer prod: convenience‚ shopping‚ specialty‚ unsought industrial prod: materials+parts‚ capital
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What are the reasons for students to cheat during examinations? In the 21st century‚ peoples are much concerned about the certificate. Nowadays‚ no matter what you want to work‚ you need a certificate. You can imagine how important the certificate are. Because of a certificate‚ students cheat during examinations. Firstly‚ the main reason for students to cheat during examinations is they desire to have a good grades. Most of the students who cheat during the examinations ordinarily have a lot
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Chap 1: A system is a set of steps (process) put together to accomplish a task. An information system (IS) is an arrangement of people‚ data‚ processes‚ and information technology that interact to collect‚ process‚ store‚ and provide as output the information needed to support an organization.Types of IS : A transaction processing system (TPS): captures and processes data about business transactions. A management information system (MIS): provides for management-oriented reporting based on other
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Important Things To Know * Markup = P-MCP= -1price elasticity of demand * Market demand = firm’s demand for a monopoly ONLY * TR=aQ-bQ2 and MR=a-2bQ * Monopoly output is ALWAYS LESS than competitive output * Colluding leads to the ideal situation (illegal) * MC=WMPL * X=aa+b×MPx or Y=ba+b×MPy * Y = M/Py – (Px/Py)X * Isocost Line: C(Q)=wL+rK | Variation: K=TCr-wrL | Slope: -(w/r) * Isoquant Slope: -(MPL/MPK) | MPLMPK=aKbL=∆K∆L * Optimal cost-minimization:
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Chapter 4: § 1031: Like-kind exchange. Realized gain or loss is deferred until the property is sold. § 351: Gain or loss is not recognized from property exchanged for stock that results in corp control 80%. (Cash or boot is still recognized; stock”qualified preferred‚ stock rights‚ stock warranties)(Transferor must transfer prop10% services) §357(a):Liability in §351‚ liab not treated as boot for gain recognition purposes. (S/H basis‚ boot is included; Corporation basis‚ reduced by liab assumed)
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Associated Press Style Quick Reference Guide ● To subscribe to The Associated Press Stylebook online‚ or to find out about purchasing hard copies of the book‚ start here. ● To find out about StyleGuard for Word‚ start here. ● For slide presentations of AP Style basics‚ go here. Style Rules Examples Academic degrees ● Use an apostrophe and spell out academic degrees She has a bachelor’s degree. ● Use abbreviations for degrees only when you need to include a list of credentials after a name;
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Specification Point: Notes: The major features of science. Objectivity – objective knowledge should be free of opinion or bias and based purely on empirical evidence. Replicability – the ability to check and verify the information by repeating a study. Falsifiability – the ability to demonstrate that a theory is wrong. Validating new knowledge and the role of peer review. New knowledge is published in scientific journals which act as permanent records of research. It is checked by professionals
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Planktons: groups of tiny floating organisms that cannot swim against the current. *Taxonomy: size‚ function‚ autotrophs-producers‚ heterotrophs-consumers/decomposers‚ mixotrophs‚ complex‚ symbiotic/parasitic *Small to big: femtoplankton (viruses)‚ pico (bacteria)‚ nano (diatoms‚ dinoflagellates)‚ micro(sameasnano+protozoa)‚ meso(mostly zooplankton)‚ macroplankton *Grazing food chain: Phyto->zooplk->fish *Sinking flux: dead fall to deeper ocean POM: Particulate organic material DOM:
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* Spu = T - G * Output per person = RGDP/# of pop. * Avg. Labor of prod. = RGDP/# of workers * Stand. Living = RGDP/# of pop. * Total output = ALP(E) * UE Rate = UE/LF * LF = E+UE * Not LF = WAP-LF * Participation Rate = LF/Pop. 16+ * CPI = (CPI base basket @ current prices/CPI base basket @ base prices)*100 (ex: 70/50*100=140) * Inflation Rate = (CPI current-CPI base)/CPI base * GDP Deflator (P) = (NGDP/RGDP)*100 * RGDP contribution = base
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