Predatory pricing is a practice in which a company attempts to gain control of a market by cutting its prices to levels well below those of competitors‚ so that those competitors go out of business because they cannot match those prices‚ or they cannot sustain lowered prices because they lack capital. This tactic is illegal in many regions of the world‚ although it can be very difficult to prove that a company is really engaging in predatory pricing. Some economists have suggested that this practice
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JESSICA CHINEZIE OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY‚ ILE-IFE‚ NIGERIA DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ACHIEVING FAULT-TOLERANCE IN OPERATING SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Introduction Fault-tolerant computing is the art and science of building computing systems that continue to operate satisfactorily in the presence of faults. A fault-tolerant system may be able to tolerate one or more fault-types including - i) transient‚ intermittent or permanent hardware faults‚ ii) software and hardware
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consideration. It is defence equity‚ and could only be relied upon defensively as a shield not a sword‚ High Trees 1947. A new Australian view of promissory estoppel was developed in 1988 from the Walton’s v Maher case. The pre-existing agreement was the lease agreement and the tenant was defending the action to recover back rent. It was founded that a promissory estoppel action could also be used by parties who had not entered into a legal agreement‚ and as a ‘sword’‚ to initiate as well as defend
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http://www.bized.ac.uk Pricing Strategies Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.ac.uk Pricing Strategies Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.ac.uk Penetration Pricing Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.ac.uk Penetration Pricing • Price set to ‘penetrate the market’ • ‘Low’ price to secure high volumes • Typical in mass market products – chocolate bars‚ food stuffs‚ household goods‚ etc. • Suitable for products with long anticipated life cycles
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Pricing Decisions are decisions faced by top management and marketing managers. How much to charge for a product or service depends on a multitude of factors such as competition‚ cost‚ advertising‚ and sales promotion. Economic theory suggests that the best price for a product or service is the one that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total costs. However‚ in reality‚ the price charged is usually some form of cost-plus‚ which is later adjusted for market conditions and competition
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Strategic Marketing ! TOPIC 1 Creating value Pricing strategies The Role of Pricing The role of pricing Product Communicating Communicating value Delivering value Capturing value Promotion Distribution Price ! Profitability A 1% increase in price gives the biggest improvement in profit 2 compared to a 1% improvement in
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market share from 16.7% to 17% which is realistic. Our pricing strategy would be to increase price to premium and market ourselves to the higher income earners as a premium product. Franks sauces is a strong name in the market and we believe by increasing the price we can create the perception to the market that this is the better product. The current price of Franks hot sauce is 0.99 for a 5 ounce bottle and the 12 ounce is 2.9 cents. In our pricing strategy we are doing away with the larger bottle which
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Contents 1 Competition-based pricing 2 Cost-plus pricing 3 Creaming or skimming 4 Limit pricing 5 Loss leader 6 Market-oriented pricing 7 Penetration pricing 8 Price discrimination 9 Premium pricing 10 Predatory pricing 11 Contribution margin-based pricing 12 Psychological pricing 13 Dynamic pricing 14 Price leadership 15 Target pricing 16 Absorption pricing 17 Marginal-cost pricing 18 References [edit] Competition-based pricing Setting the price based upon
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MARKETING Session III: Pricing Policy Question I: Why is pricing policy so important in the marketing mix of a product ? What is pricing? Pricing is the process of determining what a compagny will receive in Exchange for its products. Pricing strategy is important for several aspects in the compagny wich are: Survival : short-term objectives are set in order to survive Profit :the objective is to maximise profits Return on investment : prices are set to attain a specified return on
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Written Assignment 5 Pricing Strategies One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is an important strategic issue because it is related to product positioning. Pricing also affects other marketing mix elements as well‚ such as product features‚ channel decisions‚ and promotion. A pricing strategy is a course of action designed to achieve pricing objectives. This strategy helps marketers set prices. There are many ways to price a product. The following‚ figure
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