would find his favoured principles of justice to be especially attractive‚ winning out over varied alternatives‚ including utilitarian and right-libertarian accounts Three Theories of Justice: Utilitarianism‚ Justice as Fairness‚ and Libertarianism (1) Utilitarianism A society‚ according to Utilitarianism‚ is just to the extent that its laws and institutions are such as to promote the greatest overall or average happiness of its members. How do we determine the aggregate‚ or overall‚ happiness
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Which is Best? Good‚ bad‚ right‚ wrong…how do we know? Ethics is the study of how we determine what is right or wrong‚ good or bad (Mosser‚ 2010). While there are many ethical views‚ I focused on the three classical approaches for this paper. Utilitarianism states when given a choice between two acts‚ the one that creates the greater happiness for the greatest number of people is the ethical choice. Deontology stems from obligation or duty. This view takes the position that one has a duty to choose
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PHIL.RLST 2345 EL 10 Bioethics: Human Life Issues Assignment #1 Amanda Secord Ethical Theories and Ethical Tools Utilitarianism versus Kantianism in case study #1: An accident on Makalu The main rule of utilitarianism is to perform the one action that will provide the greatest amount of pleasure and the least amount of pain to the greatest number of people. In our case study‚ one would think the choice is quite easy‚ if we let go of Gary‚ we are providing no happiness
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Monetary Aid to Pakistani Villagers In this essay‚ I will argue that the theory of Utilitarianism presents resilient‚ compelling arguments that exemplifies why we have a moral obligation to donate money to help the Pakistani villagers affected by recent floods. Though the argument put forth by Ethical Egoists in favor of donating money to the Pakistanis is convincing‚ it lacks the quantitative validation that Utilitarianism provides. The Perspective of an Ethical Egoist Ethical Egoism is a consequentialist
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the question to whether his actions were moral or immoral must be raised. The stance that this essay will take in answering this question is the Utilitarian standpoint described by John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism must be defined if to be applied to this question. Before Mill‚ Utilitarianism promoted the idea of utility‚ or the promotion of pleasure over pain. Pleasure is then described as a happiness that all people wish to achieve. John Stuart Mill goes further to contribute that “some kinds
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people who are able to live in excess should work towards reducing poverty among others‚ not enhance their own comfortable conditions. According to Singer’s Utilitarianism‚ the proper course of action is one that maximizes utility. This is defined specifically as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering. According to extreme utilitarianism‚ the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome‚ thereby focusing primarily on the consequences of the action. However‚ can that
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method of justifying his acts of deception is a form of moral reasoning that is called "utilitarianism." Stripped down to its essentials‚ utilitarianism is a moral principle that holds that the morally right course of action in any situation is the one that produces the greatest balance of benefits over harms for everyone affected. So long as a course of action produces maximum benefits for everyone‚ utilitarianism does not care whether the benefits are produced by lies‚ manipulation‚
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happy‚ and what the right thing is‚ in the eyes of other people. Many people would say that we are selfish if we chose something that made us happy‚ over something that satisfies and makes our families who are more people happy. The principle of utilitarianism‚ which demands individuals to base their actions on what will make most people happy‚ is praised and seen as a good thing in society even if it means that those individuals are themselves not happy. Contrary to what society thinks is the right
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and Y negative consequences. Therefore‚ it would be morally correct to choose A or B based on the highest number of positive consequences or the lowest number of negative consequences. In the words of Michael Sandel in his book Justice‚ “Its (utilitarianism) main idea is simply stated and intuitively appealing: The highest principle of morality is to maximize happiness‚ the overall balance of pleasure over pain.” The idea
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NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES Objective • Discuss the normative ethical theories L2: Normative Ethical Theories Beliefs about how people should behave can be classified into at least 2 major categories: Teleological theories (Consequentialism) Right actions are those that produce the most or optimize the consequences of one’s choices. Behaviour is ‘ethical’ if it results in desirable behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical egoism Ethical elitism Ethical parochialism Ethical universalism Deontological theories
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