Second World War‚ global competition and international business are regarded as the two major outcomes of the Second World War (Kathawala and Nanda‚ 1989; Raeside and Walker‚ 2001). The Japanese approach toward quality‚ which was later regarded as Total Quality Management (TQM)‚ had tremendous impact on organizations and management practices‚ where it has been considered as “the Second Industrial Revolution” (Kanji‚ 1990). Historically‚ quality management evolved from engineering activities‚ mostly
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Total Quality Management Total Quality Management / TQM are an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes. TQM is based on the premise that the quality of products and processes is the responsibility of everyone involved with the creation or consumption of the products or services which are offered by an organization‚ requiring the involvement of management‚ workforce‚ suppliers‚ and customers‚ to meet or exceed customer expectations.Cua
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_______________ 1. A process is a series of activities or operations‚ which are linked to perform a specific objective. True False 2. The cost flows for a process-costing system are totally different from those of a job order costing system. True False 3. Process systems are characterized by a larger number of homogeneous products passing through a series of processes. True False 4. The production report is the document that summarizes the manufacturing activity that takes
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Business (UKM-GSB-LHDN) Cost Classification: Government Agency PROBLEM 2-56 The Department of Natural Resources is responsible for maintaining the state’s parks and forest lands‚ stocking the lakes and rivers with fish‚ and generally overseeing the protection of the environment. Several cost incurred by the agency are listed below. For each cost‚ indicate which of the following classifications best describe the cost. More than one classification may apply to the same cost item. The Answers
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indirect costs are allocated using only one or two cost pools. All or most costs are identified as output unit-level costs. Products make diverse demands on resources because of differences in volume‚ process steps‚ batch size‚ or complexity. Products that a company is well suited to make and sell show small profits while products for which a company is less suited show large profits. 9-5 (1) Identify the activities that consume resources and assign costs to them. (2) Identify the cost driver(s)
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Chapter Six Businesses and Their Costs Study Questions: 1. Explain the difference between a plant‚ a firm‚ and an industry. Plant – establishments such as a factory‚ farm‚ mine or store. Firm – an organization that employs resources to produce goods/services for profit. Industry – group of firms that produce the same or similar products. 2. State the advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form of business. Advantages – most effective form of
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Quiz 2 1) Cost-volume-profit analysis is used primarily by management: A) as a planning tool B) for control purposes C) to prepare external financial statements D) to attain accurate financial results Answer: A Diff: 1 Terms: cost-volume-profit (CVP) Objective: 1 AACSB: Communication 2) One of the first steps to take when using CVP analysis to help make decisions is: A) finding out where the total costs line intersects with the total revenues line on a graph. B) identifying which costs are variable
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as well. PepsiCo states that there are three main sustainable advantages that give them a competitive edge as they compete globally with other companies. One‚ their big muscular brands‚ two‚ proven ability to innovate and create differentiated products‚ and third‚ powerful go-to market systems ("Overview" ). The picture shown below is the same one shown on their website showing the cycle in which the company operates ("Overview" ).  The company’s website also tells how the brands are over
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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source same End result ! ends with financial statements ! integral part of other business aspects B. Cost Accounting Terminology 1. Nature of Cost Cost - A sacrifice of resources: Cost is a measurement in monetary terms of the amount of resources used for some purpose. Expense - The cost charged against revenue in a particular accounting period. 2. Purposes of Gathering Cost Information Routine decision making:
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