economics and business decision-making‚ sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs‚ which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note‚ however‚ that many economists consider
Premium Economics Microeconomics Decision making
Middle Range Theory in Nursing Cindy Spain American Sentinel University Middle Range Theory in Nursing The credibility of a profession is based upon its ability to create and apply theory. Nursing as a whole has not been at the forefront of theoretical research being much more practical or hands-on in nature. Unless nurses increase the value placed on research and the body of knowledge that establishes the legitimacy of their practice then nursing will remain in a subordinate position in the
Premium Nursing Nursing theory
Publichttp://pfr.sagepub.com/ Finance Review Public Subsidies to Stadiums: Do the Costs Outweigh the Benefits? Daraius Irani Public Finance Review 1997 25: 238 DOI: 10.1177/109114219702500205 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pfr.sagepub.com/content/25/2/238 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Public Finance Review can be found at: Email Alerts: http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://pfr
Premium Supply and demand Baseball Major League Baseball
THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
Premium Costs Variable cost Total cost
The Influence of Customer Satisfaction and Switching Costs on Customer Retention: A Survey of Retail Internet Banking Users in Hong Kong WONGChjBo BSc(Hons)‚ MBA‚ MA‚ MSc Student ID No. 9911675L International Graduate School of Management Division of Business and Enterprise University of South Australia A Thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business and Management 24 January 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No.
Premium Bank
leLECTURE 5a Cost Estimation/Segregation Techniques Cost estimation is a term used to describe the measurement of historical cost so as to be able to predict future costs for management decision making. That is‚ historical information is analyzed to provide estimates on which to base future operational To do cost estimation‚ it is important for the Accountants to be able to ascertain the activity level as well as cost drivers which exert main influence on the company activity. A cost driver is
Premium Variable cost Costs Total cost
CHAPTER 7 THE TWO-VARIABLE REGRESSION MODEL: HYPOTHESIS TESTING QUESTIONS 7.1. (a) In the regression context‚ the method of least squares estimates the regression parameters in such a way that the sum of the squared difference between the actual Y values (i.e.‚ the values of the dependent variable) and the estimated Y values is as small as possible. (b) The estimators of the regression parameters obtained by the method of least squares. (c) An estimator
Premium Statistical hypothesis testing Statistics Null hypothesis
Secret Recipe’s Segmentation Variables Marketing segmentation is a process of dividing a market into a meaningful relatively similar and identifiable segment of groups. There are three basic market segmentation which are geographic segmentation‚ demographic segmentation and Physiographic segmentation. Geographic Variable Geographic segmentation is segment the market by region of the country‚ market size and market density. Secret Recipe opened all over the world such as Singapore‚ Indonesia‚
Premium Penang Shopping mall Marketing
The relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market indices 1.1 Introduction and Background The financial system is considered to be the key to economic growth. A well developed and sound financial system promotes investment by the identification and financing of profitable business opportunities‚ through the mobilization of savings‚ the efficient allocation of resources‚ by helping to diversify risks and by facilitating the exchange of goods and services. (Mishkin‚ 2001). As such
Premium Economics Stock market Inflation
1. Relevant evidence is that which has the tendency to make a material issue more or less probable when presented before the court. The general rule for the admissibility of relevant evidence is Federal Rule of Evidence 402‚ which states that relevant evidence is admissible unless any of the following says otherwise: US Constitution‚ federal statutes‚ Federal Rules of Evidence‚ or any other rules set by the Supreme Court. The judge is the one makes the decision on if the evidence offered is relevant
Premium Crime Law Supreme Court of the United States