The Uruguay Round The Uruguay Round was the 8th round of Multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) conducted within the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)‚ spanning from 1986-1994 and embracing 123 countries as “contracting parties”. This is the largest and the most complex round in history. The Round transformed the GATT into the World Trade Organization. The main objectives of the Uruguay Round were: * To reduce agricultural subsidies * To put restrictions on foreign
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property * Trademarks‚ including service marks * Copyright and related rights * Geographical indications * Industrial designs * Patents * Layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits * Undisclosed information‚ including trade secrets Categories of Intellectual Property (IP) * IP is divided into two categories: 1. Industrial property: *
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about three articles dealing with understanding what are these international standards recognized by the TBT Agreement‚ but also on their implementation by member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Through these articles‚ we will try to define these international standards and their objective for international trade (I)‚ we will then explain how they are adopted and why their adoption process involves gaps (II). I/ International Standards : definition and objectives Definition of the
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due to a range of factors such as trade agreements which allows countries to benefit from free trade. However‚ there are many policies that a country can adopt to increase protection of trade such as tariffs and quotas in order to protect the domestic producers. Since WWII‚ many international organizations and trading agreements have been established to try and breakdown the trading barriers between countries and reduce the amount of protection to increase trade in the global economy. There are
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Introduction: The World Trade Organization is a Multi-lateral organization which facilitates the free flow of goods and services across the world and encourages fair trade among nations. The result is that the global income increases due to increased trade and there is supposed to be overall enhancement in the prosperity levels of the member nations. To put it in brief WTO encourages a multi-lateral trading system within its member countries. Origin and Evolution of WTO: - GATT to Uruguay WTO
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Skopje‚ April‚ 2011 Table of content: Globalization Impact of the globalization Positive effects of the globalization • Increased Competition • Employment • Investment and Capital Flows • Foreign Trade • Spread of Technical Know-How • Spread of Culture • Spread of Education • Legal and Ethical Effects Negative impact of the globalization • Employment issues • Safety and security concerns • Environmental issues
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non-tariff restrictions on trade taking place among them prior to their integration. This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers with the goal of increasing the combined economic productivity of the states. The trade stimulation effects intended by means of economic integration are part of the contemporary economic Theory of the Second Best: where‚ in theory‚ the best option is free trade‚ with free competition and no trade barriers whatsoever. Free trade is treated as an
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promoted the international trade and investment‚ which caused the first age of globalization. From the Second World War to now‚ the advent of the computer and the information disseminate the processes efficiency drive the globalization into a new era (Evans‚ Philip‚ Würster and Thomas 1999: 51). The technology promoted the globalization keep going to fit the world’s economies development. Although‚ globalization‚ as defined above‚ it really contributes to international trade and investment‚ it brings
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How Globalization Affects Developed Countries The phenomenon of globalization began in a primitive form when humans first settled into different areas of the world; however‚ it has shown a rather steady and rapid progress in the recent times and has become an international dynamic which‚ due to technological advancements‚ has increased in speed and scale‚ so that countries in all five continents have been affected and engaged. What Is Globalization? Globalization is defined as a process which‚ based
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1995‚ but its trading system is half a century older. Since 1948‚ the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) had provided the rules for the system. (The second WTO ministerial meeting‚ held in Geneva in May 1998‚ included a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the system.) It did not take long for the General Agreement to give birth to an unofficial‚ de facto international organization‚ also known informally as GATT. Over the years GATT evolved through several rounds of negotiations. The
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