of a response occurring again. (Slavin‚ 2006). It is extremely important to remember that both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are processes that strengthen a behaviour; that is‚ they both increase the probability that the behaviour will occur in the future. Positive and negative reinforcement are distinguished only by the nature of the consequence that follows the behaviour. Positive reinforcement occurs when the occurrence of a behaviour is then followed by the addition of
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Throughout the 1920s and ‘30s Urban populations augmented greatly in Cities (rather than living on farms)‚ affecting jobs‚ transportation‚ housing which have many positives effects during this time‚ but also many negative effects changing life during this time period. During the 1920s urbanization was becoming about impacting lives of many citizens and noncitizens living in America. For the first time more people were living in cities than farms‚ especially immigrants. When immigrants were coming
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The two industries I chose to show examples of negative and positive externalities are Phillip Morris International and the Southwest Airlines. The negative externalities are from the Phillip Morris articles in relation to second hand smoke and health costs associated with smoking. There is over 60 billion spent in health costs. There are 35 billion in medical expenses‚ 20 billion from missed time at work and 5 billion in related fires‚ smoke‚ and odor damage. These are not only for the people that
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The settlement that ended World War I was called the Treaty of Versailles and was signed on June 28‚ 1919. The treaty was written to figure out how to deal with Germany after the war. The Treaty of Versailles was mainly drafted by the United States‚ France‚ and Britain. One of the main clauses of the treaty stated that Germany was to take full responsibility for starting the war. With this clause‚ Germany was also responsible for all the damage done by the war and was required to pay for all of the
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of WWII World War II is looked upon with greatness for our nation due to the success of defeating the Japanese‚ but many fail to realize what we did the innocent ones living within the United States. Similar to the Germans during World War I‚ America had built concentration camps of their own. (“Japanese-American Internment”) Nisei‚ also known as Japanese-Americans‚ were imprisoned in these camps. (“Japanese-American Internment”) What happened to the Japanese-Americans during World War II and why
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World War II has started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler in 1939 and ended in 1945. It is considered as the most geographically widespread war the world has ever witnessed. There were two major sides of the war named as Axis which mainly represent Germany‚ Italy and Japan; Allies which mainly represent Great Britain‚ The United States‚ Soviet Union and France. World War II is the most destructive global war in human history with around 50-60 million deaths both from
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following World War II was based on a long ideological power struggle between the Soviet Union. This heated period between the two superpowers was given the name Cold War because it never resulted in military engagements between the two countries and was more of a competition over military superiority and political influence. The U.S. embarked on a policy of containment to stop the spread of communism‚ and fought numerous proxy wars to prevent new communist governments from forming. The Cold War simplified
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In general‚ the Great Depression brought mass suffering to everyone and was especially hard for the African Americans. The National debt income had drop to 50% and unemployment has risen up to 25% of the total labor force (U.S. History‚ n.d. para 1). Therefore‚ America’s had twenty million Americans receiving public assistance to survive. The blacks faced the harshest conditions because employers starting using racist hiring and firing procedures as the “Last Hired and the First Fired” from employment
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of Civil War were heard‚ and following the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln‚ the South had been humiliated and devastated. The repercussions of war included loss of life‚ land‚ and livelihood. Patriarchy and racism remained entrenched‚ but the emancipation of slaves significantly transformed the social landscape of the South. Liberated slaves started from scratch without access to cultural or social capital‚ and many eventually migrated north. African-American culture
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D-day In May 1940‚ Germany invaded and occupied Northwestern France which had started World War II (1939-1945). America had entered the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. After entering the war and forming the Allied Forces the British and Americans were planning on an invasion across the english channel. The name for the invasion was Operation Overlord and would be later known as D-Day (A&E par. 1-2). The term D-Day and H-Hour represents the day and hour for an operation. The plus or
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