from the banks‚ issuing stocks or issuing bonds. However‚ when the interest rate of borrowing from banks is very high due to high inflation‚ together with the stock market is quite instable; calling for capital from bond market is much more preferred by investors. In the context of this report‚ some major points regarding the bond market in Vietnam are presented. Firstly‚ a common picture about the Vietnam bond market is drawn. Next come the types of bonds and major participants in this market. Finally
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BONDS MARKET IN INDIA What are Bonds? A bond is a debt security in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and‚ depending on the terms of the bond‚ is obliged to pay interest (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date‚ termed maturity. A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals. Thus a bond is like a loan: the issuer is the borrower (debtor)‚ the holder is the lender (creditor)‚ and the coupon is the interest. Bonds have a maturity
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Information This report details the rise and collapse of WorldCom Group: this telecommunication giant employed 60‚000 individuals and had over $104 billion in assets. However‚ most numbers were deliberately misstated in order to maximize income and survive in the global stock market. WorldCom dates back to 1983 when in split up from AT&T to create a separate entity in order to take over the Southern states telecommunication markets. WorldCom focused on providing Long Distance Discount Services (LDDS)
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stocks and bonds which can be a sign of the company’s financial standing in a market. Since investors are risk averse and they would not like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a struggling company‚ but they would like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a stable and a progressing company. Investors benefit from company’s profit in the form of dividend when they buy a company’s stocks and investors can get higher or lower yield based on the bonds. This is the rationale behind bonds’ and stocks’
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In the financial markets‚ the most common forms of marketable securities are stocks and bonds. Though they have some similarities to each other‚ they differ greatly in many aspects. Broadly speaking‚ both financial instruments enable one to invest in corporations‚ public and/or private‚ with possible profitable returns in the future. Stocks (or shares)‚ by definition‚ are shares of ownership in a company. By purchasing stocks in a company‚ the investor becomes a part owner‚ and thereby owns a percentage
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keeping many businesses afloat. The bond market is another environment where debts are issued and taken up by investors. As a capital market it is concerned with loans with long-term maturities (5-30 years) and companies use them to invest in new facilities etc. thus increasing growth opportunities. Bonds long-term maturity makes an active secondary market essential. Most bonds pay a rate of interest (usually semiannually) known as a coupon but zero-coupon bonds (which do not pay interest but‚ like
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OF IAN FLEMING’S JAMES BOND- WITH REFERENCE TO ‘FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE’. From Russia‚ with Love is the fifth novel in Ian Fleming ’s James Bond series‚ first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 8 April 1957. As with the first four books‚ From Russia‚ with Love was generally well received by the critics. The story was written at Fleming ’s Golden eye estate in Jamaica in early 1956. By the time the book was published‚ he did not know whether he wanted to write another Bond book or not. The story
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capitalization of operating expenses • management promoted culture fixed on the numbers • board of directors’ failure to scrutinize billion-dollar acquisitions • excessive loans to executives in order protect stock prices Financial Overview of WorldCom (in Billions) Financial Highlights 1994 1999 2001 2004 Revenues $2.2 $37.1 $35.2 $20.7 Total Assets $3.4 $91.1 $103.9 $17.1 Employees $7.5 $97.6 $87.8 $40.4 Market Cap. $3.3 $150.5 $42.8 $6.4 Debt $0.8 $13.1 $30.0 $5.9 Total Capitalization
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A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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10 Bond Prices and Yields 1. a. Catastrophe bond: Typically issued by an insurance company. They are similar to an insurance policy in that the investor receives coupons and par value‚ but takes a loss in part or all of the principal if a major insurance claim is filed against the issuer. This is provided in exchange for higher than normal coupons. b. Eurobond: They are bonds issued in the currency of one country but sold in other national markets. c. Zero-coupon bond: Zero-coupon bonds are
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