definition of the atheism. Atheism (Greek “a” - denial and “theos” - god‚ literally - ungodliness) - philosophical materialist doctrine. A. is the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. Basically it was introduced by the ancient Greek philosophers and than used as an offensive word towards the people who rejected the church‚ the common christian beliefs and “in XV-XVII centuries nobody could proudly call him self an “atheist”. (3) Only in XVIII this word began to be used not only in polemic
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Hegel examines the "religious consciousness"‚ by taking into considerations its history evolving from the "natural religious consciousness"‚ which was primitive and saw God as nature or multiple gods. For example in natural religion God in the form of fire was worshiped. Then the "religious consciousness" evolves from nature‚ animals‚ sun and so forth to what the human create with his hands‚ this comes from the idea of creator‚ that it is divine. Religion was sought in works of humans like temples
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exact representation of the ideas of the 17th century philosopher John Locke. In Locke’s “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding‚” he talks about the idea that we as humans are all born with a ‘blank slate’ that contains no knowledge whatsoever and that we can only know that things exist if we first experience them through sensation and reflection. In Frankenstein‚ the monster portrays Locke’s ideas of gaining knowledge perfectly through worldly experience of learning his surroundings. Locke states
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Andreas Vesalius September 9‚ 13 Hum 121‚ sec 00 Andreas Vesalius Art and learning were focused on the church and religion. But at the beginning of the 15th century‚ many lost interest in thinking about God‚ heaven and the saints. The readings of ancient Greek and Roman writings on scientific matters‚ philosophy‚ and art caused a good portion of this change. Their interest changed to thinking about themselves‚ their surroundings and their everyday lives. A Change in the Renaissance
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to support the institutions and practices that make those benefits possible. This “social contract” would later be the basis of morality after being further developed by Thomas Hobbes who is arguably the first great modern era intellect to offer a worldly nucleus for ethics. Until Hobbes‚ the foundation of morals or ethics was dictated by religion. However‚ Hobbes’ theory became very attractive for it saw morality as “the rules
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Candide is a thought provoking and compelling story with each event of the plot carefully intertwined into the inner working of the story. The book is an impeccable example of typical 18th century writing style. The plethora of coincidences and connections is rather overwhelming at times‚ compelling the story to be more and more unbelievable as more of the ubiquitous vicissitudes pile up and connect everything back around‚ relating every new plot development or character to something else in the
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To be able to understand her we will view a glimpse of her life. Mary Wollstonecraft was born August 30‚ 1979. She already had shoes to fill as her parents were Mary Wollstonecraft‚ an advocate for women’s rights and William Gowin‚ political philosopher and novelist. Mary’s mother died shortly after her birth leaving her father to raise her and her half-sister Fanny Imlay. Although‚ Mary Wollstonecraft received little formal education she was tutored by her father and had access to his library
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embrace punishments dealt out by Roman judiciaries. The idea of suffering for the glory of God was extremely popular among early Christians‚ but most of these concepts came from theologians after the time of Jesus. Philippians is one such book where worldly suffering became a privilege. For those who strictly followed the teachings and example of Jesus‚ there was plenty to excuse the use of force and also for quiet‚ patient‚ suffering. When comparing the justifications for violence in the religions‚
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return to favor of the pagan classics stimulated the philosophy of secularism‚ the appreciation of worldly pleasures‚ and above all intensified the assertion of personal independence and individual expression. Zeal for the classics was a result as well as a cause of the growing secular view of life. Expansion of trade‚ growth of prosperity and luxury‚ and widening social contacts generated interest in worldly pleasures‚ in spite of formal allegiance to ascetic Christian doctrine. Men thus affected -- the
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General Introduction: Eight Great Tragedies In Greek the word “tragedy” means “goat song”‚ but the connection between tragedy and goat song is obscure. Perhaps a goat was the prize at some sort of early singing contest in Greece‚ or perhaps the dancers wore goat skins. One medieval writer ingeniously suggested that tragedy is called goat song because it begins prosperously‚ as a goat is abundantly hairy in front‚ and ends wretchedly‚ as a goat is bare in the rear. Dante Alighieri‚ whose Divine
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