Distinguish between diminishing returns and economies of scale (15 marks) In Business Economics‚ the short run is defined as the concept that within a certain period of time‚ in the future‚ at least one input is fixed while others are variable and the long run is defined as a period of time in which all factors of production and costs are variable. The law of diminishing returns is a short run concept‚ which states that increasing successive units of a variable factor to a fixed factor
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Submitted by : Economies of Scale and Scope in Local Public Transportation: The study tires to make a contribution to the debate on the introduction of competitive tendering procedures in the urban bus transport sector. The paper tries to investigate to what extent multi-mode suppliers could use the scope and scale economies to reduce their costs in comparison to a group of single-mode operators offering to provide local transit services. The model specification used in the analysis is based on
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Dissertation Committee for Victoria Konstantinova Vernon certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Household Economies of Scale‚ Food Consumption and Intra-Household Allocation of Time Committee: Li Gan‚ Supervisor Daniel Hamermesh Richard Dusansky Douglas Dacy Hong Yan Household Economies of Scale‚ Food Consumption and Intra-Household Allocation of Time by Victoria Konstantinova Vernon‚ dipl.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty
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Internal economies of scale arise when firms increase their scale of production. Hence‚ they incur lower average costs of production‚ either through specialization or other factors. When average costs fall‚ giving the price of the good to be constant‚ profit margins of these firms will be increased. Thus‚ the individual firm benefits from internal economies of scale. External economies of scale arise when all firms in an industry experience decreasing average costs of production‚ which can be
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production associated with Delta‚ economies of scale are also relevant to this firm. Economies of scale operate to the left of Q* or the minimum efficient scale of operations according to class lecture notes. So it is in firms best interest to expand and operate at a more efficient level. Delta is a Legacy Airline; because Delta is one of the larger airlines Delta’s costs are expensive in terms of operation. According to lecture notes from class‚ economies of scale are characterized by the specialization
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known as economies of scale. The cost disadvantage is known as disecomonies of scale. The benefits of large-scale business Economies of scale are the cost advantage from business expansion. As some firms grow in size their unit costs begin to fall because of: Purchasing economies when large businesses often receive a discount because they are buying in bulk. Marketing economies from spreading the fixed cost of promotion over a larger level of output. Administrative economies from spreading
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Date: 30th December‚ 2010 1. Compare and contrast the transport principles of economy of scale and economy of distance. Illustrate hoe they combine to create efficient transportation? Ans: There are two fundamental principle that impact transportation efficiency Economy of scale in transportation is the cost per unit of weight decreases as the size of a shipment increases. Transportation economy of scale exist because fixed cost associated with transportation a load over the increase weight
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ARTICLE IN PRESS Telecommunications Policy 33 (2009) 29–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Telecommunications Policy URL: www.elsevierbusinessandmanagement.com/locate/telpol Estimating scale economies of the wireless telecommunications industry using EVA data$ Changi Nam a‚ Youngsun Kwon a‚Â Seongcheol Kim b‚ Hyeongjik Lee c a b c School of IT Business‚ Information and Communications University‚ 119‚ Munjiro‚ Yuseong-gu‚ Daejon 305-732‚ Republic of Korea Associate Professor
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Estimtion………………………….………………………………………….6 Empirical Results explanation………………....………………………………………………….8 Analysis of Scale Economies across Different Income Groups……..………………………..…10 SECTION 3 Economies of Scale and Poverty Measure……………………………………………………….12 Economies of Scale and Welfare Comparison…………………….…………………………….13 Implication of Economies of Scale to the Government Welfare Policy..……………………….14 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………17 REFERENCE….…………………………………….………………………………………………18
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16 chapter sixteen The Economy and Work How does change in the economy reshape society? What makes capitalist and socialist economies different? Why have the types of jobs available in the United States changed over the last fifty years? Here’s a quick quiz about the U.S. economy (Hint: All five questions have the same right answer): • Which business do 100 million people in the United States visit each week? • Which U.S. company‚ on average‚ opens a new store every day? • Which U.S. company
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