Karyotype Analysis of Human Chromosomes 1. Karyotype preparation and analysis Cells (from blood‚ amniotic fluid‚ etc) are grown in vitro (in a cell culture dish) to increase their number Cell division is then arrested in metaphase with colchicine (prevents mitotic spindle from forming) Cells are centrifuged and lysed to release chromosomes Chromosomes are stained‚ photographed‚ and grouped by size and banding patterns This is a photograph of the 46 human chromosomes in a somatic cell‚ arrested
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Sex Chromosomes Introduction Few people every wonder or care about their gender and why they are male or female.. Sex-determination system is a complex but fascinating progress‚ especially within reptiles‚ birds and insects. All living organisms begin with one eukaryotic cell; inside the nucleus of each cell contain thread-like structures called chromosomes. Chromosomes are once theorized to be derived from autosomes (chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes) and have changed into specific
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Triple X syndrome‚ also known by alternative names such as Trisomy X or Triplo X‚ is a disorder within chromosomes. Our bodies are composed of millions of cells and each cell contains 46 chromosomes inside of its nuclei‚ which acts as the "brain" for the individual cell. Of these chromosomes there are typically 2 sex chromosomes‚ if you are female you will have two X chromosomes‚ and if you are male you will have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. When someone is diagnosed as having Triple
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Chromosome 13 Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and protein found in a cell. There are normally 46 chromosomes in a human cell- 23 pairs. You should get 23 from your mother’s egg & another 23 from your father’s sperm. Sometimes these chromosomes can encounter a problem. The two main problems being deletion of a chromosome or an extra chromosome. Chromosome 13 is a chromosome that everyone has a pair of. It normally takes up about 3.5-4% of the total DNA in cells. There are
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Triple X Syndrome‚ also known as XXX Syndrome‚ is a genetic disorder affecting the sex chromosomes. Females generally posses two X chromosomes‚ one from each parents‚ but females affected by Triple X syndrome possess three X chromosomes. On average‚ Triple X Syndrome affects 1 in 1000 females. Triple X syndrome generally doesn’t occur due to inheritance‚ but is rather caused by an error in the formation of the gametes known as nondisjunction‚ resulting in the extra X chromosome. Another cause of
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form gametes (eggs and sperm). Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes per somatic cell. Fruit flies have 8; normal humans have 46. They exist as homologous pairs (partners) that are similar in size and shape and carry the same kinds of genes. Thus humans have 23 homologous pairs. The full complement of 46 chromosomes is referred to as the diploid number (referring to the fact that each kind of chromosome is represented twice). In higher organisms when an egg is fertilized the egg
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Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel International GCSE Centre Number Candidate Number Biology Unit: 4BI0 Science (Double Award) 4SC0 Paper: 1B Monday 9 January 2012 – Morning Time: 2 hours You must have: Ruler Calculator Paper Reference 4BI0/1B 4SC0/1B Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name‚ centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided
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Chromosomes Mutations With the exception of the mother’s egg cells or the father’s sperm cells‚ every cell in the normal human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes‚ totaling 46 in each cell called the diploid number. According to The Human Genome project there are over 30‚000 genes in every cell‚ spread unevenly across the chromosomes. Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes‚ one member is inherited from the mother‚ and one from the father. Members of each pair are called homologous. The first 22 pairs
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Meiosis Review Worksheet Pledge: _____1. If the sperm cell of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes‚ then the number of chromosomes in each body cell is: a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 16 _____2. Of the following cells‚ the only one to have the haploid number of chromosomes is: a) skin b)muscle c) nerve d) connective e) ovum _____3. The diploid number is restored as a result of: a) differentiation
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adjacent nucleotides. They range in size from small‚ one base pair to large‚ a section of a chromosome.When a section of a chromosome is entered into another chromosome insertions can occur due to unequal crossover in meiosis. There are two types of insertions‚ an P nucleotide insertion and a N region addition. An insertion in an F8 gene can cause haemophilia A.Haemophilia is an x linked bleeding disorder in humans that is caused by muatations in the F8 gene. Deletions too cause a mutuation which result
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