isochromosomal translocation. Deletion is when part of a chromosome is lost affects its length and genetic composition. Translocation is when there is a coinciding break in two chromosomes in different parts resulting in exchange. Balanced translocation is when two homologous chromosomes break and exchange the acentric fragment (a part of the chromosome that doesn’t have a centromere). Isochromosomal translocation occurs when one part of the chromosome is lost and another part is replicated. 2. Cite the
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Stored inside chromosomes and contain all instructions for life It is made up of Ribose (sugar)‚ phosphate‚ and when of 4 Nitrogenous bases (Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Guanine and Cytosine) A Nucleotide consists of a Phosphate molecule‚ a sugar molecule‚ and a Nitrogenous base pair The nitrogenous bases always pair up AT and CG Each human has 46 chromosomes 23 pairs in total 1 pair sex chromosomes (that define your sex‚ male XX‚ female XY) 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) Each pair is
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Punnet square: dihibyrid cross- 2 parents w/2 different traits Ex: seed shape & seed color Cross pure-lines 2. F1 offspring are all heterozygous‚ Cross F1 x F1 F2 generation shows individuals of both phenotypes‚ in a specific ratio 9:3:3:1 -this would only occur if independent assortment = 2 alleles separate & sort independently into gametes Mendel Rules of inheritance Different alleles for the same gene Principle of segregation-each gamete has 1 allele of each gene Principle
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Chapter 10 Foundations of Genetics Lecture Notes 1 Foundations of Genetics Mendel and the Garden pea The father of modern Genetics is Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who lived in a monastery where the experiments with the garden pea were performed. Mendel’s work with the garden pea was the fundamental study which unveiled the laws that govern genetics and heredity. Mendel was the first to use the scientific method in a very systematic and analysed his results
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without the participation of sperm and egg • Cell division is at the heart of organismal reproduction -CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTIOn 8.1 Like begets like‚ more or less • Asexual reproduction – Chromosomes are duplicated and cell divides – Each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent and the other daughter • Sexual reproduction – Each offspring inherits a unique combination of genes from both parents
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describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase. There are two main stages of the cell cycle‚ with multiple subdivisions within each. Interphase is the first stage‚ and it’s composed of G1 (contents of the cell are duplicated sans the chromosomes)‚ S (chromosomal duplication)‚ and G2 (checkpoints) phase. After interphase‚ there is the mitotic phase. The mitotic phase is composed of mitosis (division) and then cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm=2 daughter cells). The cell cycle ultimately
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shows the basis of non-disjunction of chromosome‚ a failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division. It emphasizes particularly on how the reproductive cells or gametes is created during reproduction. The gametes of women are eggs and of men are sperms. When the egg and the sperm combine during fertilization at conception‚ they create a normal offspring with the proper number of chromosomes of 46. Nondisjunction occurs when these chromosome fail to segregate and can cause common
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“try to understand what it is to be human” Biocultural approach: the relationship between what humans have inherited genetically and what they learn culturally Holistic: understanding people with all aspects of human nature Comparative: cross cultural Ethnocentric: a view that is centered on a specific ethnic group (usually ones own) belief in the superiority in ones ethnic group Cultural Relativism: a view that considers human interaction and behavior within their own culture. Sex vs. gender
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correctly: DNA molecule‚ chromosome‚ chromatid‚ homologous pair. DNA molecule – A double-stranded‚ helical nucleic acid molecule‚ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A)‚ cytosine (C)‚ guanine (G)‚ and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins Chromosome - A cellular structure carrying genetic material‚ found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very
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within a prokaryotic chromosome E) an ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest Topic: Concept 13.1 Skill: Knowledge 2) Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect? A) Genes correspond to segments of DNA. B) Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins. C) During fertilization‚ both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized
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