What is Turner’s syndrome? • A genetic disorder which only affects and occurs in females • It is a result of only one X chromosome present in the gamete (monosomy X ) • T.S can also occur if one of the sex chromosomes is partly missing or rearranged • This missing chromosome is responsible for the developmental affects • There is an extremely small chance of the fetus actually surviving How is a person diagnosed? • A person can be diagnosed by taking a sample of blood‚ amniotic fluid or
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EXAM1 Q1. How many chromosomes are in a typical red blood cell taken from a normal person? Zero Q2. The degree to which a trait is expressed in individuals is the expressivity of the trait. Q3. In pedigrees‚ a male individual is symbolized as a square. Q4. The chromosomal structure that anchors the spindle fiber to the chromosome is centromere. Q5. The short arm of a submetacentric chromosome is symbolized as the p arm. Q6. Genetic diseases transmitted only by a mother to both sons and daughters
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the other ones are excluded by apoptosis. Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 are secondary oocytes. The first meiosis forms an enormous secondary meiosis‚ and a miniature polar body receives a slight more than a single set of chromosome. There is a matter of chance to determine which chromosome would conclude the egg and the polar body. For females function of internal and external sex organs the internal sex organs “includes the innermost parts of the vagina‚ the cervix‚ the uterus‚ and two ovaries‚ each
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Chapter 6 Explain what free energy is and how it can be used to predict the energetic outcome of chemical reactions.Free energy is defined as the energy available to do work in any system. The free energy is denoted by the symbol G. G = H – TS* H: the energy contained in a molecule’s chemical bonds‚ called enthalpy.* TS: the energy term related to the degree of disorder in the system. T is the absolute temperature (K)‚ and S is the entropy.We can use the change in free energy to predict whether
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(DNA) in S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle; halving of that genome during mitosis (M phase). The period between M and S is called G1; that between S and M is G2. So‚ the cell cycle consists of: G1 = growth and preparation of the chromosomes for replication; S = synthesis of DNA [see DNA Replication] and duplication of the centrosome; G2 = preparation for M = mitosis. When a cell is in any phase of the cell cycle other than mitosis‚ it is often said to be in interphase. Control
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deviations. The tendency of the loci on the same chromosome to remain linked together during meiosis and gametogenesis is referred to as linkage. Autosomal linkage : the loci are on the same chromosome‚ affecting the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring. Recombination can affect linkage by separating the two parental loci‚ this occurs during Prophase I of Meiosis. In sex linked ( X linked ) inheritance‚ alleles on sex chromosomes are inherited in predicable patterns. Sex
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Review Questions: 1. What is meant by the following terms: Homologous chromosomes- A matched pair of chromosomes‚ one derived from each parent. Both members of the pair are similar in size‚ shape‚ and appearance‚ except for sex chromosomes. Autosomes- The general term for chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. Sex chromosome- The X and Y chromosomes that determine genetic sex. Barr body- The inactivated X chromosome that appears as a small‚ dense mass of chromatin attached to the nuclear
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Mitosis * Next stage of cell cycle & usually the shortest. * Process in which contents of cell’s nucleus divides. * Division results in 2 daughter nu kinds of chromosomes as original cell. * As nucleus prepares to divide‚ DNA molecules that replicated during interphase join together to form sister chromatids of chromosome.
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Melbourne. Manning‚ G. (2005). Introduction to Drosophila. [Online] Available: http://ceolas.org/VL/fly/intro.html [August 20‚ 2005] Manning‚ G. (2005). About Drosophila. [Online] Available: http://www.ceolas.org/fly/ [August 20‚ 2005] Unknown. (2001). X-Linked Recessive Inheritance. [Online] Available: http://www.cafamily.org.uk/inherita.html [August 20‚ 2005] Wikipedia‚ (2005). Genetics. [Online] Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/genetics [August 20‚ 2005]
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the chromosomes of an affected individual; it is characterised as a complete or partial loss of an X chromosome (called a monosomy) from one or more types of cell (Donaldson et al. 2006). The typical phenotype (physical characteristics) of a female with Turner syndrome includes shorter than average stature‚ webbed neck‚ undeveloped ovaries and lack of pubertal change when growing up‚ ultimately resulting in infertility (Tesch & Rosenfeld 1995). Turner syndrome is often referred to as ’45‚ X’ or ’45
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