CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDING MATERIALS In the general environment for humans’ survival‚ all the materials or products used in structures or buildings are called building materials which are the material foundation for all the construction engineering. There is a wide variety of building materials. They are usually classified from different angles for the sake of study‚ application and description. The most common classifications are based on their chemical components and functions. Building materials are
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development and quality of life. Construction activity accounts for more than 50% of the national outlays. Building Construction costs registered an increase in rates year after year at scales much faster than inflation. It is seen that in view of the increase in cost for basic input materials like steel‚ cement brick timber and other materials as well as the cost of construction labour‚ buildings cost increase at around 20% to 30% annually even when inflation is in single digit. Even though income
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error means that the program is well-targeted. Hoddinot (1999) also mentions that one of the factors that may lead to a high value of under coverage is lack of information about the program‚ while a high leakage rate is due to faulty design or implementation of the pro-gram. In the case of cash transfer programs there are three methods used to identify targeted households. They are proxy means testing‚ geographic targeting and self-selection (Coady et alia. 2004). The BSM program relies on proxy means
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My favorite building --an amazing green building Today I want to introduce an amazing green building. But‚ first‚ I want to show some pictures about Green Buildings. Green building concept has emerged from the need to meet high standards of energy efficiency and environmental responsibility. It is said to reduce the energy bills and offer a healthier and more comfortable living environment‚ and improves people’s health and productivity. Use of non-toxic or emission-free materials and products
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Large public buildings (Introduction: mention that public buildings exist in all cities and towns‚ large and small‚ e.g. post office‚ court pause‚ places of worship‚ theater) A public building is a building that belongs in some way to the state. The number of public buildings in any town or village will depend on the size of that community and its needs. For example‚ you will usually find a town hall of some sort‚ a school and a place of worship at he least. In anger communities there will be
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When reflecting on what I have read in the book Building an Ethical School by Robert J. Starratt‚ and the information obtained from my current Ethics and Social Responsibilities class‚ I feel I have an abundance of valuable information that will guide me in creating an ethical school environment when I am a school leader. When I think of an ethical school‚ I envision a school where all members of the school make decisions based on what is right and good. I read once in an article that real leaders
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Stone has been used as a construction material for thousands of years. It has long been recognized as a material of great durability and superior artistic quality‚ the foremost choice for buildings associated with status‚ power and religion. 2.0 TYPES OF STONE Building stone‚ also called dimension stone‚ derives from one of three naturally occurring rock types: Igneous - Hard and non-porous rock formed from the slow or quick cooling of molten magma. The best example is granite
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soaring skyline wouldn’t be the same without the Empire State Building. Reaching 1‚250 feet‚ it hold the title of the seventh tallest building in the world. It remained the worlds tallest building for 41 years until the World Trade Center topped it off and seven followed. Built during the depression in 1930 and 1931‚ it cost a whopping 41 million dollars. The engineer who took on this giant project was H.G. Balcom. The design of the building changed 16 times during planning‚ but the 3‚000 workers
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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY Task-1 1.1 Explain the quality control testing before you allow starting the concreting work for the foundation‚ columns‚ slab and beams. There are two main tests to be done on concrete The slump test: the slump test shows the workability of concrete. The compression test: the compression test shows the best possible strength Concrete can reach in perfect conditions. Testing should always be done carefully. Wrong test results can be costly. SAMPLING The first step
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BASE ISOLATED BUILDINGS What is base isolation? When a building is built away (isolated) from the ground‚ resting on flexible bearings or pads known as base isolators. It is of the most popular means of protecting a structure against earthquake forces. HISTORY The first evidence of architects using the principle of base isolation for earthquake protection was discovered in Pasargadae. One of the world’s first base-isolated structures – the William Clayton building Base Isolation
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