CFA® Level I – Economics Demand and Supply Analysis: Consumer Demand www.irfanullah.co Graphs‚ charts‚ tables‚ examples‚ and figures are copyright 2012‚ CFA Institute. Reproduced and republished with permission from CFA Institute. All rights reserved. 1 Contents and Introduction 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Consumer Theory: From Preferences to Demand Functions Utility Theory: Modelling Preferences and Tastes The Opportunity Set: Consumption Production‚ and Investment Choice Consumer Equilibrium:
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is the curve resulting when the above data is graphed‚ as shown below: Production Possibility Frontier The PPF shows all efficient combinations of output for this island economy when the factors of production are used to their full potential. The economy could choose to operate at less than capacity somewhere inside the curve‚ for example at point a‚ but such a combination of goods would be less than what the economy is capable of producing. A combination outside the curve such as
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Learning Curve “A” Case Understanding Learning Curves Jenny Wilson is a buyer at Flextron‚ a manufacturer of large industrial pumps. She has a requirement for a customized subassembly that a preferred supplier‚ Vistral‚ is building for the first time. She is preparing for negotiation with Vistral‚ where a key issue will be the price of the subassembly. Given the unique nature of this subassembly‚ Jenny expects to incorporate into the contract price reduction targets based on learning curve estimates
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10/18/10 Customer Value Curves - The Swatch Revolution Swatch represented a strategic business model innovation for the watchmaking industry. In essence‚ its introduction reconceptualised what the business was about by converting a functional product into an emotional one. This in turn‚ increased the total pie of value available for the watchmaking industry; consumers now desired watches for both functional and fashionable purposes. Making watches fashionable and fun unearthed a potential in
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Laws of Supply and Demand The market price of a good is determined by both the supply and demand for it. In the world today supply and demand is perhaps one of the most fundamental principles that exists for economics and the backbone of a market economy. Supply is represented by how much the market can offer. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain good that producers are willing to supply for a certain demand price. What determines this interconnection is how much of a
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part of the body‚ usually involves the torso‚ and is usually accompanied by a number of satellite nevi. Satellite nevi (or just satellites) are smaller melanocytic nevi (smaller birthmarks). When a child is born with a giant nevus‚ it is common for satellite nevi to be present at birth. It is also common for satellite nevi to appear after birth. Sometimes during diagnosis‚ doctors may use a large number of satellites to support their diagnosis of a large or giant congenital melanocytic nevus. Sometimes
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Demand and Elasticity Linear demand curve: Q = a – bP Elasticity: E d = (ΔQ/ΔP)/(P/Q) = -b(P/Q) E d = -1 in the middle of demand curve (up is more elastic) Total revenue and Elasticity: Elastic: Ed < -1 ↑P→↓R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 20%) Inelastic: 0 > Ed > -1 ↑P→↑R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 3%) Unit elastic: Ed = -1 R remains the same (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 15%) MR: positive expansion effect (P(Q) – sell of additional units) + price reduction effect (reduces revenues because of lower price (ΔP/ΔQ)/Q)
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Radio Advertising Radio advertising is one of the earliest and most popular forms of advertising in today ’s world of mass media. Although television has shifted much of the audience away from radio it is undisputable that radio is always there. Radio is broadcasted everywhere twenty-four hours a day and always has the breaking news. Walter Cronkite‚ a famous broadcast journalist‚ started his career in radio and concluded‚ "Radio has its own special strengths and contributions. While TV pulls
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Horizontal Curves Introduction Most types of transportation routes‚ such as highways‚ railroads‚ and pipelines‚ are connected by curves in both horizontal and vertical planes. Horizontal Curves: Curves used in horizontal planes to connect two straight tangent sections. Two types of horizontal cures: Circular arcs‚ and Spirals Elementary Surveying‚ 11e © 2006 Prentice-Hall‚ Inc.. 1/30 Horizontal Curves Introduction Simple Curve: A circular arc connecting two tangents. Compound Curve: Two
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of the yield curve. In your answer also discuss the uses of the yield curve in financial markets‚ why strips are used in the construction of yield curves and why investors would want to invest in zero coupon bonds or strips. The yield curve is a graph that plots the yields of similar-quality bonds against their maturities‚ ranging from shortest to longest. The relationship between yield and maturity is referred to as the term structure of interest rates. The Treasury yield curve is the base or
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