Many years ago‚ plants made the drastic move from water onto land. Although at first they had a very difficult time surviving on land‚ they gradually became acclimated to their new terrestrial habitat. This was only after they had formed adaptations to overcome a slew of problems that plagued them on land. For example‚ they had needed an aquatic environment for both reproduction and to support the plant body‚ and they had to adapt to living without their aquatic surroundings. In addition‚ they now
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Independent Study Unit: Apple Tree Course/ code: Biology‚ Grade 11/ SBI 3U This paper will examine apple trees by categorizing them through the following classifications‚ the vascular system‚ structures‚ its responses‚ practicality‚ and ecological importance which will be presented in a topical manner. Classification The classification of plants is the understanding of the relationships and similarities between plants. It is important to identify unknown species‚ to group or assign names
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level *8210040505* 9700/02 BIOLOGY Paper 2 Structured Questions AS October/November 2007 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the
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Bio Review: Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things Diversity- all the different kinds of life on Earth Species Diversity- variety of species‚ abundance of the species in a given area Genetic Diversity- variation of genes within a species Ecosystem Diversity- diverse range of habitats‚ various organisms within habitats & relationships between them Prokaryotes Eukaryote Appearance Size - Always smaller - 1000x larger DNA structure - Plasmid (one strand circular DNA) - Dna in nucleoid
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in a phenomenon known as transpirational pull. Transpirational pull is one of the forces that drives water flow in the plant. Water is absorbed by the root hairs of a plant and‚ due to osmotic pressure‚ is passed through vascular tissues into the xylem where it is transported to the leaves and stomata. Vascular tissue is made up of more than one cell type and in plants
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Patterns in Nature 1. Organisms are made of cells that have similar structural characteristics * Outline the historical development of the cell theory‚ in particular the contributions of Robert Hooke and Robert Brown Robert Hooke was the first person to observe a cell through a compound microscope in 1665. Franscesco Redi used a microscope to observe that flies do not spontaneously appear but develop from eggs laid by other flies. Many years later‚ Robert Brown observed a large body in
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cell (mesophyll) – designed for photosynthesis‚ it is a tall cell with a large surface area contained many chloroplasts. Located on top side of the leaf in plants to allow optimum absorption of light and carbon dioxide (inputs for photosynthesis). Xylem and Phloem cells (combined referred to as vascular bundles) – cells responsible for the transport
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Water is an odorless‚ colorless‚ tasteless chemical compound that makes up well more than half of the human body. In addition to being prominent in the make-up of the human body‚ it also covers all but approximately 30% of the Earth’s surface‚ and can be found naturally in all three states of matter: liquid‚ solid and gas. Water is a covalent bond known most commonly by its empirical form; H2O. It can also be identified by the Lewis Dot Structural form shown in the figure in the upper right corner
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glue-like polymer‚ in their cell walls. Lignin-strengthened walls supported the stems as they grew upward and outward‚ in patterns that increased the light-intercepting surface of leaves. Vascular tissues‚ xylem and phloem‚ first appeared in plants called rhyniophytes. As happens now‚ xylem distributed water and mineral ions through the plant;
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water from the soil reaches the leaf. Marking scheme - concentration gradient/ root hair/ osmosis/ cell to cell/ root pressure/ xylem/ cohesion (or explained)/ adhesion (or capillarity or explained)/ Dixon and Joly/ transpiration or evaporation/ tension any six 6(3) Answer “ Water is drawn up the xylem by osmosis” Although the candidate has presented two key terms (xylem‚ osmosis)‚ the statement is incorrect and the candidate can only be awarded 3 marks for referring to the movement of water through
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