Cytokinins – affect root growth and differentiation Control of Cell Division and Differentiation Cytokinins are produced in actively growing tissues in roots‚ embryos‚ and fruits Produced in roots reach their tissues by moving up the plant in the xylem sap Cytokinins slow the aging of certain plant organs by stopping protein breakdown‚ refreshing RNA and proteins synthesis and moving nutrients from surrounding tissues Gibberellins – promote seed and bud germination‚ stem elongation‚ and leaf growth
Premium Ethylene Plant physiology Fruit
Translocation of Organic Solutes Plants synthesize food materials by photosynthesis and store the same in the form of starch grains in the chloroplasts found in mesophyll cells. Then the found material is converted into simple sugars; then it is transported to regions where it is required – stem apex‚ young flower buds fruits and storage organs are the sites to which the organic food is translocated. The site of synthesis and the site of need are separated by time and space. The structures
Premium Phloem Plant physiology Plant anatomy
• Present horizontally and vertically • Horizontally – narrow bands radiate out from the pith • Rays • Vertically – Relatively short & occur in vertical series • Strand Parenchyma • Produced by cambial cells • Cell division outwards from the Pith (Xylem) • Appear as: • Narrow horizontal ribbons on a radial surface • Narrow line crossing growth rings at right angles on a transverse section • Short vertical boat shaped lines on a tangential section. Softwoods - characteristics • Gymnosperms • Quality
Premium Bud Wood Plant stem
Study Sheet for Plant Diversity List the characteristics of land plants. Terms you should be using in that list: multicellular‚ eukaryotes‚ cuticles‚ photoautotrophic‚ cellulose‚ vascular tissue (most have but not all)‚ protection of the embryo‚ alternation of generations lifecycle. All plants are thought to have evolved from a green algal- like ancestor. The first land plants evolved approximately ____________ million years ago. Alternation of Generations lifecycle. Label
Premium Plant
Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals No groups of plants is more important to human survival than seed plants plants are key sources of food fuel wood products and medicine our reliance of plants Products from Seed Plants Most of our food comes from angiosperms Six crops yield 80% of the calories consumed by humans Wheat Rice Maize Potatoes Cassava sweet potatoes Other Products from Seed Plants Secondary compounds of seed plants are used in medicines
Premium Plant stem Plant physiology Root
with which it can form hydrogen bonds. 7 Capillary action water evaporates from leaves = transpiration adhesion‚ cohesion and capillary action water taken up by roots 8 •trees have specialized structures to transport water: xylem and phloem plumbing. • water molecules are dragged from the roots to the top of the tree by capillary action and cohesion: hydrogen bonds help water molecules to each other. 9 High Specific Heat – High specific heat Amount of heat
Premium Water Oxygen
Both Plants and fungi affect the carbon cycle though they do it in different ways- both of them interfere with it while they are attempting to get food/energy to survive on. Each have adapted so they can live in an environment where they can source enough food to survive. They get these things from different sources so grow in very different conditions in order to survive. Plants live in places with lots of sunlight as well as a place where they can source water whereas fungi can live almost anywhere
Free Carbon dioxide Photosynthesis Plant
because water is slightly ionised‚ other polar molecules such as salts‚ sugars and amino acids dissolve readily in water. This will allow water to be used for the transportation of many substances‚ for example in the bloodstream of animals and the xylem and phloem vessels found in plants. Fig.3. The dipolar bonding in water (8) The dipolar bonds between water molecules show a large amount of energy and this determines the temperature of the water. Water can also be used in this way to transport
Free Atom Electron Electric charge
In plants‚ the phragmoplast extends and forms the cell wall. * In plants‚ mitosis occurs only in the meristem tissues. They are located at the tips of roots‚ shoots‚ and in the stem‚ between the xylem and phloem. Why mitosis? 1. Growth. The number of cells within an organism increases by mitosis and this is the basis of growth in multicellular organisms. 2. Cell Replacement. Cells are constantly sloughed off‚ dying and being replaced by
Premium Mitosis Chromosome Cell nucleus
GYMNOSPERMS - phlya Ginkgophyta‚ Gnetophyta‚ Cycadophyta and Coniferophyta - vascular plants with true roots - gymnosperms = “naked seeds” - cones/strobili - have seeds that develop on the surfaces of sporophylls instead of in ovaries like angiosperms - microsporangium produces pollen grains (sperm) and the megasporangium produces the egg - sporophyte generation is dominant - no water needed for fertilization – pollen travels with the wind Pine trees
Premium Fruit Leaf Seed