water helps the swimming of motile gametes and in the dispersal of fruits and seeds. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together‚ therefore giving water the properties of cohesion and adhesion – leaves pull water upwards from the roots through the xylem. Hydrogen bond Hydrogen Bonding In Cellulose: Cellulose is a polysaccharide and consists of linear chains of beta-glucose residues with the OH (hydroxyl) group pointing upwards and some pointing downwards. Individual
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receive carbon dioxide a plant must open its stomata to allow diffusion of the gas into its leaves. However when a plant does this it also results in loss of water‚ as water vapour diffusing out of the leaves. Lost water however is drawn up through the xylem through a process called transpiration. Water is able to move in opposition to gravity due to the negative pressure of the vessels‚ and the cohesion-tension property of water‚ which allows water molecules to “stick together” and influence the movement
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A molecule of water consists of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds. Water as a liquid is vital to existence and plays extremely important roles in many aspects of both plant and animal lives. These aspects include temperature control‚ support‚ chemical reactions‚ transport and protection. Without the ability to control our temperature‚ we as humans would not be able to survive in our natural environment. If our internal body temperature was to rise or fall even a few degrees
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------------------------------------------------- Phloem In vascular plants‚ phloem is the living tissue that carries organic nutrients (known as photosynthate)‚ in particular‚ sucrose‚ a sugar‚ to all parts of the plant where needed. In trees‚ the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark‚ hence the name‚ derived from the Greek word φλόος (phloos) "bark". The phloem is concerned mainly with the transport of soluble organic material made during photosynthesis. This is called translocation.
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Write your name here Surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number Edexcel GCSE Biology Unit B2: The Components of Life Higher Tier Additional Sample Assessment Material Time: 1 hour You must have: Calculator‚ Ruler Paper Reference 5BI2H/01 Total Marks Instructions se b ink or • Uill inlack boxesball-point pen. page with your name‚ F the a the top of this • centre number andt candidate number. nswer all uestions. • Answer theqquestions in the spaces
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Question 1WRONG | Rice‚ the staple food of many Filipinos‚ could be categorized to belong in: Kingdom – Plantae Phylum – Anthophyta Class – Monocotyledonae Order – Glumiflorae Family – Poaceae Genus – Oryza Species – Sativa Both rice and corn belongs to the class Monocotyledonae‚ then they must also belong to the same _________. | Genus | | Family | | phylum | | species | Question 1 Explanation: if rice and corn belong to the same class‚ then they must also belong to the same phylum
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Biology Revision summer 2012 1-Characteristics of living organisms Nutrition- taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions ‚ containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair ‚ absorbing and assimilating them . Excretion- the removal from organisms of toxic material‚ the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirement . Respiration- the chemical reactions that break down the Sensitivity- The ability to detect or sense changes in the
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Introducton : The most common macromolecules found in living organisms are carbohydrates ‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. Briefly‚ the meaning of macromolecules is that they normally contain two or more molecules in them and their main functions are to store energy‚ information and much more. Most foods are known to be combinations of macromolecules. While some of these compounds can be detected by taste tests‚ many cannot. Scientists then use certain tests to determine the presence of
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transported in a plant by the process of transpiration‚ which is the loss of water through evaporation from the surface of leaves. The stomata in leaves are responsible for the diffusion of water vapor. Transpiration brings water upward through the xylem in the plant. There are certain factors that can affect transpiration rates in plants. Most transpiration is boosted with the help of leaves and an opened stomata‚ which is why my group predicted that plants set up in a high light environment will
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Simple diffusion The term simple diffusion refers to a process whereby a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an intermediary such as a integral membrane protein. The force that drives the substance from one side of the membrane to the other is the force of diffusion. In order for substances to pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion it must penetrate the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer. The types of molecules that can do this are themselves substantially
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