10. Errors and Redesign. Throughout this experiment a number of random and procedural errors were apparent; these errors could have affected the results of the experiment in a number of ways. One experimental error that occurred during the experiment was that some flies became stuck in the food source and died. The main cause of this was the fact that the fly vials were stood up (vertically) before the flies had fully recovered from the anaesthetic. This could be overcome in future experiments by
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correctly: DNA molecule‚ chromosome‚ chromatid‚ homologous pair. DNA molecule – A double-stranded‚ helical nucleic acid molecule‚ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A)‚ cytosine (C)‚ guanine (G)‚ and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins Chromosome - A cellular structure carrying genetic material‚ found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very
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of the microtubules will cause the movement of the chromosomes during the anaphase because anaphase involves the separation of the sister chromatids at the centromeres via the shortening of the spindle fibers. 9. B D During the S phase the cell is replicating an therefore the number of the picograms is doubled. During the G2 phase only the size of the cell increases but not the actual number of the picograms. 10. B D THe chromosomes are "reeled in" by the shortening of spindle microtubules
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the chromosome gene - The unit of DNA along a chromosome that codes for a single characteristic‚ unit of dna that codes for a specific polypeptide synapsis - Pairing of homologous chromosomes called cross-over - The exchange or mixing of similar genetic material (genes) is called chiasmata - There is a criss-crossing of the non-sister chromatids called gene – unit of dna that codes for a specific polyeptide or characteristic karyotype - A display of metaphase chromosomes in which
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Part I 1. Contrast the terms mutation and polymorphism. Mutations are “substitution patterns during gene divergence across vertebrate species” (Lourenco‚ Galtier & glemin‚ 2011‚ p. 67). In the case of species divergence “changes in population sizes or environmental changes can move populations away from equilibrium” (Lourenco‚ Galtier & glemin‚ 2011‚ p. 67). On the other hand‚ polymorphism is when “diverted natural selection rooted in differential resource…can generate and maintain
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milliliters expressed sometimes on a scale of 0 to 100 with an average normal value (as 15 grams) taken as 100‚ and that is determined in blood either colorimetrically or by quantitative estimation of the iron present Autosome- any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. Chromosome- any of several threadlike bodies‚ consisting of chromatin‚ that carrythe genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs‚designated 1 to
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immobile pupa. Over the next four days‚ the body is completely remodeled to give the adult winged form‚ which then hatches from the pupal case and is fertile within about 12 hours. Fruit fly has four pairs of chromosomes: the X/Y sex chromosomes and the autosomes 2‚ 3‚ and 4. the fourth chromosome is very tiny and rarely heard from. The size of the genome is about 165 million bases and contains and estimated 14‚000 genes (by comparison‚ the human genome has 3‚400 million bases and may have about 22‚500
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phenotype (observable characteristics). B. The Genetic Code 1. Chromosomes store and transmit genetic information. Each cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. 2. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules make up chromosomes. 3. A gene is a segment of a DNA molecule which contains instructions for making proteins. 4. Mitosis is the process of cell duplication in which each new cell receives an exact copy of the original chromosomes. C. The Sex Cells 1. Sex cells‚ also known as gametes‚ are
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Inheriting Chromosomes A. Inheritance of Genes * Parents endow their offspring with coded information in the form of hereditary units called genes * Most genes program cells to synthesize specific enzymes and other proteis‚ whose cumulative action produces an organism’s inherited traits * In animals and plants‚ reproductive cells called gametes are the vehicles that transmit genes from one generation to the next * A gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome is called
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Genetics Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Pea plants were particularly well suited for use in Mendel’s breeding experiments for all of the following reasons except that a.|peas show easily observed variations in a number of characters‚ such as pea shape and flower color.| b.|it is possible to control matings between different pea plants.| c.|it is possible to obtain large numbers of progeny from any given
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