somatic cells‚ or body cells‚ are divided. Let’s say the parent cell has four chromatids. These chromatid will replicate and form four chromosome pairs‚ a total of eight sister chromatids. In Prophase‚ these chromosomes will line up‚ head-to-toe. Spindle fibers will begin to form as well. The new spindle fibers will attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes in Metaphase. In Anaphase‚ the sister chromatids will be split apart and taken to opposite sides of the cell. The cell membrane will begin
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isochromosomal translocation. Deletion is when part of a chromosome is lost affects its length and genetic composition. Translocation is when there is a coinciding break in two chromosomes in different parts resulting in exchange. Balanced translocation is when two homologous chromosomes break and exchange the acentric fragment (a part of the chromosome that doesn’t have a centromere). Isochromosomal translocation occurs when one part of the chromosome is lost and another part is replicated. 2. Cite the
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parent cell (diploid)‚ which contains two copies of each chromosome. The cell then goes through DNA copying and two cycles of cell division‚ also known as Meiosis I and Meiosis II. When the cell goes through this cycle‚ it creates four haploid‚ which means they contain half of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Meiosis I begins with Prophase I. In Prophase I‚ the chromatin becomes smaller and creates chromosomes. The pair of chromosomes are known as sister chromatids that are joined together
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Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder that prevents an individual from excreting excess copper from their body‚ eventually leading to toxic levels of copper. The chromosomes affected in this disorder are the pair of the thirteenth chromosomes‚ specifically the ATP7B gene which is located in the long arm of each chromosome thirteen and contains the DNA needed to make copper regulating proteins. A point or frame-shift DNA mutation occurs in the ATP7B during meiosis leaving the individual with
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DIFFUSION= The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion. OSMOSIS= Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane. SELECTIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE=a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows
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cells produced during meiosis have half the chromosome number as the original cell. There are two cell divisions in meiosis‚ meiosis l and meiosis ll. These cell divisions produce 4 hapolid daughter cells. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes‚ which is written as n. Meiosis consists of nine phases. In meiosis the interphase l the chromosomes replicate and the centrosome duplicates in one diploid cell. Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes‚ they received one from each parent. During
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Cri Du Chat is a genetic disorder that is also known as chromosome deletion 5p syndrome and also monosomy 5p syndrome. When first discovered in 1963 it was recognized as a defective B group chromosome‚ and was then later recognized as the fifth chromosome‚ or 5p. Its name is French‚ and means “Cry of the Cat” referring to the distinctive cry of children with this disorder. This cry can help doctors make an informed guess as to whether the baby has the disease. Cri du chat is one of the most common
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the presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome. As a result‚ the affected person has 47 chromosomes in all body cells instead of the normal 46‚ although how this causes the condition’s symptoms is not yet known. Scientists assume that the reason for the abnormal chromosomal assortment is the fertilization of an ovum having 24 chromosomes by a sperm with a normal assortment of 23‚ but they have also found that the sperm can carry the extra chromosome as well. The abnormal ovum or sperm is derived
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reproduction include the right number of chromosomes we should have. This activity decreases the number of chromosomes in half‚ permitting the sexual reproduction process to prevail. Because meiosis produces cells that eventually becomes reproductive cells‚ this division in chromosome number is critical to the cell cycle. Without this process‚ the combination of two gametes during fertilization would result in an offspring with double the number of chromosomes it should have! This could lead to the
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number and chromosome numbers 12. Cancer: cause‚ types of tumour‚ properties of cancer cells 13. Medical imaging technologies 14. Treatment and prevention of cancer 15. Cell specialization (or cell differentiation) 16. Different specialized cells: examples‚ distinguishable features
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