between chromatin‚ chromosome‚ chromatid‚ and centromere. Chromatin: DNA + Protein. DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus. Chromosome: Genetic material of cell (genome). It is made out of chromatin. Chromatid: Half of a duplicated chromosome. One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome. Centromere: A small region of a chromosome where sister chromatids attach to each other. Important for mitosis and meiosis. The relationship is that each chromosome consists of chromatin
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life cycle‚ and its stages. Meiosis has four stages which are‚ prophase I‚ metaphase I‚ anaphase I‚ and telophase I. In an adult before ovulation the oocyte goes back to meiosis forming a meiotic spindle of microtubules to segregate homologous chromosomes. When it reaches fertilization‚ the egg itself undergoes a second round of division segregating sister chromatids. Which is Prophase II‚ Metaphase II‚ Anaphase II‚ and Telophase II. In this article it discusses what occurs in the female‚ adult
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sperm‚ each containing half the complement of chromosomes found in somatic cells‚ fuse to produce a single cell called a _______. 2. _______ is a process of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes in certain cells is halved during gamete formation. 3. ______ cells such as gametes contain one set of chromosomes. 4. Organisms that undertake sexual reproduction alternate between ______ and fertilization. 5. The two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the first
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PRACTICAL 2 Title: Modelling of mitosis Objectives: To represent the pairs of homologous chromosomes by using pairs of model chromosomes. Introduction: Materials: 1. Noodles 2. Cutter Method: 1. The pair of model chromosomes is used to demonstrate how the two chromosomes line up at the beginning of mitosis. 2. After that the way of the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into two separate chromosomes is demonstrated. 3. The spindle fibers that pull the sister chromatids apart is represented
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suggesting its in the metaphase stage of mitosis. 1. What phase is this cell undergoing? Anaphase 2. How can you tell? The chromosomes are separated yet not completely in two yet. 1. This cell has clearly visible chromatids. a. What’s the next phase this cell will undergo? Tellophase b. Where will the chromatids go in the coming phase? Half the chromosomes go into one cell and half in the other 1. The cell in the lower center is exhibiting signs of what phase of mitosis? Prophase
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and to the parent nucleus. Mitosis is part of the cell cycle which also includes chromosome replication and division of the cytoplasm i.e. cytokinesis. The chromosomes are always present in the nucleus but they are most easily seen when the nucleus divides. During this division process chromosomes contract significantly after which they can be seen under the light microscope as distinct thread-like structures. Chromosomes are usually studied by obtaining actively dividing tissue‚ fixing the material
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eukaryotic cell are pack aced into chromosomes. Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each nucleus. Humans have 46. Somatic cells (non reproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes in most plants and animals. (Humans have two sets of 23) Gametes (reproductive cells: sperm and eggs‚ and spores) have hals as many chromosomes as somatic cells. (All of our gametes have 23 chromosomes) Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatid‚ a complex of
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Virtual Lab: The Cell Cycle and Cancer Worksheet 1. In which phase of mitosis do each of the following occur: a. Centromeres split and chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell b. Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes c. The nuclear membrane disappears d. Sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell 2. In which phases of mitosis are sister chromatids visible‚ and attached to each other at the centromere? Table 1: Record your data for the number of cells in
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Chromatin is spaghetti like before mitosis Chromosomes (X-Shape) Chromatid (each individual part of the chromosome) Centromere (middle part of the chromosome) Centriole (involved in cellular division‚ the poles that pull the chromatids) Centrosome (microtubule organization center) 4. Diploid (2n) number Half the diploid is haploid (n) number Humans have 46 chromosomes (diploid) 5. G1‚ S‚ G2‚ I‚ P‚ P‚ M‚ A‚ T‚ Cytokinesis Prophase - Duplicated chromosomes are visible Prometaphase - the kinetochore
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steps and their time duration. It was found that the interphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis was the longest of all the stages as this was where most of the ‘action’ was happening such as cell growth and duplication of all cell organelles and chromosome replication also. It was also found that mitosis and meiosis have similar stages‚ however‚ they also have a lot of differences such as the end result and what is happening throughout each stage. INTRODUCTION The two processes of cellular division
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