REVISION FOR GENETICS EXAM 1. Make sure you KNOW and UNDERSTAND the following TERMS and DEFINITIONS: -DNA - diploid - genes - haploid - chromosomes - crossing over - sex cells - fertilisation - somatic cells - gamete - autosomes - zygote - sex chromosomes - phenotype - karyotype - genotype - eukaryotic cell division - dominant - mitosis - recessive - meiosis - homozygous - heterozygous - incomplete dominance - codominance - pure bred - hybrid
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genetic information‚ a duplicate copy of DNA must be available. Before DNA replication occurs‚ each chromosome consists of a single long strand of DNA called a chromatid. When a diploid cell undergoes meiosis‚ four unique haploid daughter cells are produced. It is important for gametes to be haploid Experiment: Following Chromosomal DNA in Meiosis 2. Why was the model of ONE chromosome composed of TWO identical strands of beads at the beginning of the experiment? To represent the dna
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male reproductive cell interacts with the female reproductive cell those two cells start the process with the chromosomes for that new life. The genes that are developed from these chromosomes comprise the DNA‚ basically the map of the human being. All cells minus the male and female reproductive cells have 46 chromosomes and they have 23 in-order to keep the perfect balance of the chromosomes when combining the beginning. So how do children inherit specific traits from their parents? Everyone has
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during the G1/S stage where DNA is prepared for replication as the cell grows (G1) and then the actual replication (S) (Erster 25-26)‚ G2 where further growth and preparation for the chromosomes to separate occur (Erster 25-26)‚ and then anaphase where the replicated DNA is separated and considered at that point a chromosome (Erster 17‚ 26). These processes are essential for the prevention of the formation of cancerous tumors which can occur if regulation stops (Erster 37). Choice A) A is true. A spindle
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Mitosis in a nutshell is the process of splitting the nucleus and it occurs hand in hand with the rest of the cell cycle and cytokenesis. Meiosis‚ on the other hand‚ is a process of taking a diploid cell (a cell with the full number of chromosomes) and producing haploid gametes
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Meiosis and mitosis are both types of cell division. Cell division is the reproduction of cells‚ and requires the duplication of chromosomes. Mitosis takes place when the nucleus divides. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid organisms. Mitosis and meiosis are two very different processes. While meiosis only requires the cell to divide twice‚ the cell only divides once during mitosis. This causes meiosis to produce four cells and mitosis to produce two cells
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Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Observe: 1. Organisms have a number of chromosomes in each of their body or somatic cells that is unique for that organism. This is called their diploid or 2n number. 2. Cells go through a cell cycle‚ whereby‚ much of the cycle does not include division‚ but at the end of this interphase in their cycle‚ they go through mitosis. 3. Cells replicate their DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle. 4. In the process of mitosis‚ cells replicate their DNA in the nucleus‚ form
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you should try to put answers in your own words‚ maintaining accuracy and the proper use of terminology‚ rather than blindly copying the textbook whenever possible. • • • Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes [2]. 1. What is the ‘chromosomal theory of inheritance’? 2. a. IN YOUR OWN WORDS‚ explain what is demonstrated in 15.2 on page 287 in reference to the law of segregation. [3] b. Use two different colored pencils to illustrate the segregation
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POINTS PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE Human DNA is organized into 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Paired chromosomes look similar under the microscope but differ in DNA sequence. One member of each pair is inherited from the mother‚ and the other from the father. Twenty-two pairs of chromosomes are autosomes. The remaining pair‚ the sex chromosomes‚ confers maleness (XY) or femaleness (XX). During meiotic cell division‚ the chromosomes are distributed to daughter cells. Meiosis results in four daughter
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2. Chromosomes are formed when the chromatin threads coil and then condense‚ and these chromosomes are two identical chromatids bound together by a centromere. 2. What is the main occurrence involving the chromosomes during anaphase? The main occurrence involving the chromosomes during the anaphase is known as the splitting apart of the centromere of the chromatids splitting to create a single chromosome which possess a single
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