INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L) is an evergreen tree that grows up to 10 feet under favorable conditions. They are an important food wherever grown. Archeological findings have revealed that jackfruit were cultivated in India 3000 to 6000 years ago. Jackfruit is widely grown in Bangladesh‚ Burma‚ Sri Lanka‚ Malaysia‚ and Indonesia‚ Philippines‚ Brazil and other tropical countries. It bears fruits that are green or yellow in the exterior when ripe. The
Premium Yeast Wine Winemaking
BIOLOGY NOTES. UNIT 1: Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Word Equation: Light Carbon Dioxide + Water Oxygen + Glucose Chlorophyll How to test a leaf for starch: 1. Dip leaf boiling water for about 1 minute to soften it‚ stop further chemical changes and make the cell more permeable. 2. Turn off Bunsen burner. Put the leaf into the
Premium Carbon dioxide Oxygen Photosynthesis
Dragon fruit‚ also known as pitaya or pitahaya‚ belongs to the Hylocereus genus of the Cactaceae family. It is recognized as leathery‚ slightly leafy – skinned sweet fruit of many cactus species rooted from Mexico‚ which was believed to be then brought to Central America by the European. Nowadays‚ dragon fruits are widely cultivated in the United States‚ the South East Asia region‚ Israel‚ Australia‚ Cyprus‚ as well as the Canary Islands (Morton‚ 1987). The term “dragon fruit” is used in English
Premium Yeast Fruit Saccharomyces cerevisiae
CHAPTER 7 LECTURE SLIDES Respiration • Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: • Autotrophs – Able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis • Heterotrophs – Live on organic compounds produced by other organisms • All organisms use cellular respiration to extract energy from organic molecules Cellular respiration • Digestion – enzymes breaking down large macromolecules into smaller ones. • Cellular respiration is a series of reactions
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
Bacterial Fermentation Secondary article Article Contents Volker Mu¨ller‚ Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t Mu¨nchen‚ Munich‚ Germany . Introduction Under anaerobic conditions‚ in the dark and in the absence of electron acceptors‚ organic compounds are catabolized by strictly anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria by internally balanced oxidation–reduction reactions‚ a process called fermentation. In fermentation‚ the organic compound serves as both electron donor and acceptor‚ and adenosine
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
cells during respiration to produce energy. The process of respiration Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP) This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration which means respiration with oxygen. Mitochondria carry out respiration in the cells. This is why muscles have so many mitochondria as they need more energy in order to function. Respiration comes in two forms – anaerobic and aerobic. Anaerobic respiration refers to respiration without oxygen
Premium Digestion Metabolism Oxygen
Photosynthesis (happens in chloroplasts in mesophyll cells) 1. Light dependent stage Happens in the grana of chloroplasts Light (energy) gets trapped by chlorophyll pigments (light energy converted to chemical energy) This energy used to turn ADP and Pi into ATP Energy used to split water (H2O) into Hydrogen and Oxygen The hydrogen ions get collected by NADP‚ which becomes NADPH The Oxygen is waste‚ and leaves! So‚ in this stage‚ water comes in. ATP and NAPDH come out‚ as does Oxygen.
Premium Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Oxygen
DESIGN: Research Question What effect does varying the alcohol concentration of yeast have on its fermentation? Introduction Fermentation is the stage during which most CO2 is produced. When no oxygen is available‚ yeast will switch to an alternate metabolic pathway utilizing sugars for energy and producing‚ primarily‚ CO2 and ethanol. Yeast divides rapidly in this phase‚ reaching its carrying capacity (about 50 million cells/ml) in the wort‚ or must‚ and remains suspended
Premium Yeast Ethanol Enzyme
extreme env. eg. The Dead Sea Thermophiles → live in hot sulfurous water eg. Hot springs at Yellowstone National Park Fungi Cells hv a district nucleus = DNA surrounded by special envelope(lipid membrane) = nuclear membrane unicellular(eg. yeast) / multicellular (eg. Mushrooms‚molds) cell wall of true fungi →compose of chitin 最common fungi → molds(mycelia (bread & fruit) → compose of long hyphae) 吸收nourishment by absorbing sol. of organic material from environment (eg. Soil ‚ seawater)slime
Free Bacteria
Cells are joined together to form threads‚ called hyphae. Hyphae contain many nuclei‚ because they are made from many cells. 4. Cell walls are made from chitin (a protein) 5. They store carbohydrates as glycogen. Examples include Mucor and Yeast (which is single celled). Bacteria: 1. Made from single cells 2. Cells do not contain a nucleus‚ but have a small piece of circular DNA instead (a bacterial chromosome). 3. Some bacteria can carry out
Premium Cell Blood Bacteria