1. What organic molecules make up the largest part of a cell membrane? a. Lipids 2. Which of the following is presumed to have been engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote and became a eukaryote organ? b. Chloroplast 3. Which of the following is correct about mitochondria? c. Most cells plants contain a mitochondria 4. Horse eating hay is an example of? d. a consumer eating a producer 5. Structure of ATP is MOST similar to the structure of? e. RNA molecules
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Bio notes 2/4/13 Sunlight + 2H (little 2) O + 2O (little 2) - 2O (little 2) + C (little6) H (little 12) O (little6) Sunlight+ water+ carbon dioxide oxygen + glucose Supports all life on Earth Changing sunlight (solar energy) to glucose (chemical energy) Where? Leaves Leaf structures ------------------------------------------------- epidermis ------------------------------------------------- palisade mesophyll- top 1-2 layers under epidermis—very regular‚ column like‚ tightly packed
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Staying on the topic of food‚ the process of fermentation requires the use of bacteria which is a microbe. A big example of this is the production of bread which uses yeast to make the bread rise. This works as it is aerobic respiration so gives off carbon dioxide‚ making the bread rise. Another use of yeast is in anaerobic respiration which can ferment to create ethanol. This is then distilled through a process and creates alcohol which is one of the top grossing markets in the whole world. On a cellular
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organization Anaerobic respiration: NOT O2 Aerobic respiration: O2 final acceptor ATP is produced by the Proton Motive Force Chemiosmosis H+ accumulates outside‚ OH- inside resulting in energized state When H+ enters‚ ATP is generated *Heterotrophy (i.e.‚ chemoheterotrophy) is the use of an organic compound as a source of carbon and energy. *Lithotrophy is the use of an inorganic compound as a source of energy. Energy-Generating Metabolic Pathways 1) Aerobic respiration a) Heterotrophic
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[Anabolic/Catabolic] reactions “build” more complex molecules from simpler ones. To do this they require energy input. Reactions that require the input of energy are termed [endergonic/exergonic] reactions. The reactions involved in aerobic respiration are also redox reactions: C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O In this set of reactions‚ however‚ more complex molecules are “broken down” into simpler ones. Glucose is broken down or becomes [oxidized/reduced] (to CO2)‚ and the oxygen becomes [oxidized/reduced]
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conducted to evaluate ethanol as a fuel‚ the experiments are Fermentation and Calorimetry. Fermentation will find the best combination of sugar and yeast for optimum ethanol production and the Calorimetry experiments test ethanol against other alcohols and fuels to see how it matches up in terms of energy production. Fermentation shows glucose and baker’s yeast as the fastest producers of ethanol and the calorimetry proves that ethanol and other alcohols produce more heat energy than other fuels. Introduction
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CH4 Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Plasma membrane Selective permeability lets molecules pass. Enzymes for ATP production. Photosynthetic pigment on folding (on chromatophores or thylakoids). Leakage occurs if damaged by alcohols‚ ammonium‚ and polymyxin antibiotics. Phospholipid bilayer‚ peripheral proteins‚ integral protein‚ transmembrane protein‚ sterols‚ glycocalyx Movement across Membranes Simple diffusion: Movement of solute from high concentration to low Facilitative diffusion: Solute
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bacteria…. a. are required for conversion of biomass to methane and CO2 in methanogenic ecosystems. b. use protons as terminal electron acceptors. c. cannot grow to high density in the absence of methanogens. d. are involved in the sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane. e. All of the above correctly complete the sentence 5. Which of the following mechanisms are not used by chemolithotrophs to bring electron donors and acceptors into close proximity? a. Symbiotic associations with eukaryotes
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PAPER 3 Answer all question. Question 1 Transpiration is the evaporation of water vapour from the leaves surface. Air movement is one of the factor that affects the evaporation of water vapour. A group of student carried out an experiment to study the effect of air movement on rate of transpiration of plants. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus used by the students. The experiment was conducted under still air and strong fan speed. Diagram 1 The time taken for the air bubble in the capillary tube to
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Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables Table of Contents 1. What are Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables? 2 2. Aspects of Minimally Processed Fruit & Vegetables that Affect Quality 3 2.1. Colour and Texture 3 2.2. Respiration and pH 4 2.3. Microbiology 5 2.4. Nutritional Content 6 3. Modified Atmosphere Packaging – What is it? 6 3.1. Advantages and Disadvantages 7 3.2. Microbial Safety of MAP 7 3.3. Effect of Carbon Dioxide as an Anti-microbial Gas
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