Cellular respiration‚ which synthesis ATP‚ begins with glycolysis‚ wherein a six-carbon glucose is broken down into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. This process requires the input of two ATPs to produce two pyruvates‚ two NADHs‚ and 4 ATPs. The NADHs are synthesised when NAD+‚ delivered by B vitamins‚ become bound to hydrogen and energised electrons1. Following glycolysis is the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain respectively. The Krebs cycle uses the two pyruvates produced in glycolysis
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Erasistratus’s model of the respiration and blood distribution is considerably more mechanical than Aristotle’s due to the technological advances that were thriving in Alexandria compared to Athens. Both scientists base their models of respiration and blood distribution in the body from technological-ladenness of observation. Erasistratus proposes that heart uses force propulsion to distribute air and blood throughout the arteries and veins. His concept focuses on “the filling towards what is being”
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Microbes are everywhere. Objectives: The experiment performed in the Lab was isolation of microbes taken from us and the environment. We used Nutrient Agar which is a growth medium used to culture microorganisms or small plants and Sabourand Dextrose Agar plates used to cultivate moulds and yeasts. The objective of it was to demonstrate that microbes are everywhere. We expected to find a variety of bacteria‚ moulds and yeasts. We were introduced to aseptic techniques as they help ensure that only
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The purpose of this lab was to investigate how size of seeds impact respiration rate. It was hypothesized that bigger seed will require more oxygen because more energy is needed to sustain the seed’s homeostasis. For this experiment 4 groups was set up with 0.5 mL worth of the following seeds: peas (1) ‚ black beans (1)‚ radish seeds‚ and glass beads (control). The black bean served as the biggest size‚ peas were medium‚ and radish seeds were the smallest. After setting up the microrespirometer and
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Colleen Hamilton AP Lab 4: Determining the Rate of Cellular Respiration of Peas at Varying Temperatures and Stages of Germination I. Purpose and Intro The purpose of this lab is to determine the rate at which germinating peas respirate at varying temperatures and stages of germination. Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that takes place in an organism’s cells in order to create ATP from sugar. It occurs in the mitochondria and comprises three stages: glycolysis
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and NAD+ is finite (limited). What happens to cellular respiration when all of the cell’s NAD+ has been converted to NADH? If NAD is unavailable‚ the cell is unable to conduct any processes that involve the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. Because both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce NADH‚ both of these processes shut down when there is no available NAD+. 5. If the Krebs cycle does not require oxygen‚ why does cellular respiration stop after glycolysis when no oxygen is present? When no
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Chapter 6-Intro to Metabolism METABOLISM= all the chemical reactions in an organism CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM)• release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX: digestive enzymes break down food ANABOLIC PATHWAY (ANABOLISM) • consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones EX: linking amino acids to form proteins ORGANISMS TRANSFORM ENERGY ENERGY- capacity to do work KINETIC ENERGY- energy of moving objects POTENTIAL ENERGY- energy
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Cellular Respiration I/ Introduction - Cellular respiration is the cellular process whereby carbon-containing compounds are broken down through the series of reactions that result in the gradual release of energy. - Cellular respiration consumes oxygen (O2) and produces (CO2). Because oxygen is required so cellular respiration is aerobic. - Include metabolic pathways: glycolysis‚ transition reaction‚ the Krebs cycle‚ electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation. - Overall reaction:
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concentration on yeast activity Introduction: Yeasts are eukaryotic micro organisms belonging to the kingdom fungi. Yeasts live on sugars and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. [James Mallory‚ 1984]When Yeasts are given water and sucrose they convert the sucrose into glucose then convert the glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol following the following reaction: C₆H₁₂O₆ ( 2(C₂H₅OH + CO₂ [Brady Burkhart‚ Terrell Grayson and Eric Kimler‚ 2009] Because yeasts produce ethanol and
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Conclusion: In order to make bread‚ yeast is required. Yeast is a singled celled fungus that contains protein and is part of the fermentation process. As explained in question nine‚ fermentation is the process of the breakdown of sugars by bacteria and yeast using a method of respiration without oxygen (anaerobic respiration). It involves a culture of yeast and a solution of sugar‚ producing ethanol and carbon dioxide with the aid of the enzymes. The process of fermentation and bread making requires
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