original formula. While licensing agreements also aimed to specify how the Heineken brand should be marketed‚ Heineken could not influence how a licensee marketed its own brands. At the end of 1993‚ Heineken‚ being the market leader in Netherlands‚ was viewed as a mainstream brand. Outside the Netherlands‚ however‚ Heineken had consistently been marketed as a premium brand. Sales volume was declining and the brand image needed some revitalization. In January 1994‚ senior managers at Heineken headquarters
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CONCEPT OF BRAND COMMUNITY: BUILDING COMMITMENT IN THE CHARITY SECTOR ABSTRACT The paper introduces a model of brand community development that is extended to the nonprofit sector; a sector that has just recently begun to embrace relationship marketing. It is believed that brand communities represent a unique form of relationship marketing‚ with benefits that are particularly compelling for nonprofits. Indeed‚ the paper reveals that many of the characteristics of brand communities
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successful Supply Chain Management at Zara‚ a flagship chain store of Inditex Group based in A Coruña‚ Spain. The Make-Buy decision The make or buy decision entails choosing between manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an external supplier. When making this decision‚ the two most important factors to consider are cost and
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3 1.3 Statement of the problem 3 1.4 Objectives of the study 3 1.5 Research question
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Editor’s Introduction: Brand Management Francesca Dall’Olmo Riley Introduction The study of brands and brand management has historically attracted a great deal of interest among practitioners and academics. Early‚ seminal research on brands includes the studies by Gardner and Levy (1955)‚ Levy (1959)‚ Martineau (1959) and Allison and Uhl (1964). Since then‚ the number of brand related journal articles and of brand management books have increased exponentially‚ particularly in the last 20
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established brand with the intention of developing a differentiated (new) position in the mind of stakeholders and competitors. This may involve radical changes to the brand’s logo‚ brand name‚ image‚ marketing strategy‚ and advertising themes. These changes are typically aimed at the repositioning of the brand/company‚ sometimes in an attempt to distance itself from certain negative connotations of the previous branding‚ or to move the brand upmarket. However‚ the main reason for a re-brand is to communicate
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Brand Loyalty One of the most desirable traits that marketers would like to see in the consumers they are positioning their product towards is loyalty to their brand. Brand loyalty can be defined as “the extent of the faithfulness of consumers to a particular brand‚ expressed through their repeat purchases‚ irrespective of the marketing pressure generated by the competing brands.” (Business Dictionary‚ 2012) An expression of brand loyalty from consumers can help companies to experience significant
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CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ZARA: IT FOR FAST FASHION Introduction The success of Zara in apparel manufacturing and retail business started from their belief that customers taste in fashion is hard to predict. Zara’s strategic intent to respond quickly and accurately to the fastchanging market demand has become the basis in building their core competency of highly responsive supply chain. This supply chain enables Zara to quickly capture the unpredictable market demand‚ shorten the turnaround production
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Zara – vertical integration 1) How is Zara organized with respect to its vertical integration and outsourcing decisions? What governance structure does it appear to follow? -It is divided by 60% in-house and 40% outsourced. The in-house represents the more complicated ‚complex‚ trendy designs‚ while the outsourced remains with the labour intense activities (sewing) and basic designs such as men’s dress shirts and accessories. - It follows a decentralized decision making process based
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Physique according to him is the basis of the brand. –E.G. the physique ofPhilips is “technology and reliability” while for the brand Tata it is “trust” •Personality is same as Aaker‚ it answers the question “what happens to this brand when it becomes a person?” •Culture symbolizes the organization‚ its country-of-origin and the values it stands for. –E.G. traditional brands like balsara‚ dabur and zandu. Relationship is the handshake between consumer and the organisation. –E.G. the
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