Horizontal direct effect Horizontal direct effect is a legal doctrine developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) whereby individuals can rely on the direct effect of provisions in the Treaties‚ which confer individual rights‚ in order to make claims against other private individuals before national courts. By virtue of the doctrine of the ‘direct effect’ of Treaty provisions‚ individuals can rely directly on EC law before their national courts. There is no need for implementation of EC law
Premium European Union European Union law Treaty of Lisbon
Vertical Advantages Vertical organizations provide clear lines of authority and a tight span of control‚ which can lead to high operating efficiency. In general‚ the organization is comprised of relatively small departments‚ allowing managers to closely monitor and control the activities of their subordinates. Each layer of the organization reports to the one directly above it‚ all the way up the chain to top management‚ and each layer has its own clearly defined functions and responsibilities. Employees
Premium Management Structure Organization
The Horizontally Opposed Revolution Common engine architectures include the V-type and incline engines‚ but the most unique of the three is the horizontally opposed engine. The horizontally opposed engine‚ also known as the boxer engine‚ is the only engine that has pistons that move from side-to-side and give the engine a flat look. The boxer engine has an uneventful past‚ a rich present and bright future. The original design for the boxer engine comes from Carl Benz in 1896 (Hendriks‚ 2006)
Premium Internal combustion engine Porsche Karl Benz
ZARA CASE 1. Which theory is the best representative of Zara’s (Index’s) internationalization? Zara has applied the Uppsala internationalization model to their strategy‚ and even more than that. This theory shows that international activities require both general knowledge and market-specific knowledge. Therefore‚ the more understanding the company has in a specific market‚ the more value and succeed they can create. That is also exactly what Zara applied to their internationalization strategy during
Premium Brand Inditex Strategic management
types of mergers which these companies must consider horizontal‚ vertical‚ and conglomeration. A horizontal merger occurs when two companies from the same industry consolidate their assets and eliminate competition allow them to reach potential higher gain within market. Vertical mergers occur when two or more companies operating at different levels are producing goods or services for a particular industry. The goal
Premium Mergers and acquisitions Corporation Marketing
Strategic Operation Management Assignment Zara fashion Zara is a clothing and accessories retailer selling stylish apparel at affordable prices‚ and it is also the most profitable brand of the Spanish clothing retail group Inditex SA. Ortega planned for this new Zara outlet‚ located near his factory in La Coruna in northern Spain‚ to sell this overstock merchandise himself. Since then‚ Zara has expanded into 500 stores in 68 countries as of January 2007 and has become a leader in customized
Premium Supply chain management Management Logistics
of ZARA: Fast Fashion This report is submitted to Prof. Devanath Tirupati in partial fulfilment of the course requirements of Supply Chain Management at Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Saketh Sabbineni Sankalan Prasad Mayur Shrikhande Tushar Bhargava 5th March 2014 Disclaimer: Unless otherwise stated‚ any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors. Executive Summary Inditex‚ founded by Amancio Ortega‚ operates six different chains: Zara‚ Massimo
Premium Revenue Supply chain Vertical integration
How well does Zara perform compare to its competitors? In order to see how well Zara perform compare to its competitors‚ we need to analyze a few financial ratios: Gross Profit Margin‚ Net Profit Margin‚ Net Working Capital‚ Net Working Capital Turnover‚ Return on book value of Assets‚ Return on book value of Equity‚ Return on Fixed Assets and Total Debt Ratio. Gross Profit Margin is financial metric used to assess a firm’s financial health by revealing the proportion of money left over from
Premium Inventory Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Financial ratios
ASSIGNMENT-2 MELTEM MAĞDEN ING 102 CRN : 30095 JULY 18‚ 2013 VERTICAL ARCHİTECTURES With time is going on‚ people are trying to choose the best option for their living.When the population rise became in great members‚ vertical cities has been the best alternative for people.Having construction of hyperstructures that capacitates large quantities of population is the defination of some kind for vertical cities.As Abel explains‚ cities are anticipated to have eighty per cent of
Premium Water Architecture Urban area
year. In addition‚ ZARA has more designers than competitors in order to create sophisticated and attractive products. b. Production ZARA prepares very limited volumes of new items to analyze customer’s reaction‚ lowering failure rates‚ approximately 1%‚ on new products. c. Marketing and Sales Central distribution centers control all of merchandise and ship twice a week to each retail store‚ which gives customer impressions of freshness of ZARA’s offering. In addition‚ ZARA limits production runs
Premium Retailing Sales