3 isotopes including hydrogen-1‚ known as protium‚ hydrogen-2‚ deuterium‚ and hydrogen-3‚ tritium. The first isotope if the most abundant one‚ while the third one is the least. Henry Cavendish‚ an English scientist who developed hydrogen by mixing zinc along with hydrochloric acid‚ first identified it as a distinct element in1766. However‚ Antoine Lavoisier‚ a French scientist‚ named it in 1783. The name came from the Greek word “hydro”‚ which means water and “genes” meaning forming since it is one
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General Features of Oxidative Additions Oxidative addition reactions usually involve a coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron metal complex or five-coordinate 18-electron species‚ and take the general from: [pic] If the A and B ligands in the product are considered to be formally –1‚ then the metal center has increased its oxidation state by +2‚ and this is the origin of the name oxidative addition. Oxidative reaction can occur when a metal complex
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WE + sodium nitroprusside 4 = purple / violet colour 2. Lead acetate test: WE + lead acetate 5 (aq) = black ppt 5. Nitrite: Pungent light brown gas 1. Starch-iodide test: WE + dil H2SO4 (or dil acetic acid); boil‚ then add solid KI + fresh starch sol = deep blue colouration Group II (conc H2SO4 group) – Cl(chloride)‚ Br- (bromide)‚ I- (iodide)‚ NO3- (nitrate)‚ CH3COO- (acetate)‚ C2O42(oxalate): Salt + conc H2SO4 1. No reaction: Group II anion not present. Continue to group III. 2. Chloride: Colourless
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1. Disposing of Waste - Teachers should be aware of the appropriate method of disposal for any chemical used in the school laboratory. When in doubt‚ refer to the MSDS‚ a disposal manual‚ or the source of the chemical. a. Classification of Hazardous Waste The Environmental Protection Agency classifies wastes as: Ignitable: has a flash point below 140°C‚ is an oxidizer‚ or is an ignitable compressed gas. Corrosive: has a pH equal to or below 2.0 or a pH equal to or greater than 12.5. Reactive:
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A miser is ever in want. --Greek proverb Preparing to experiment You will be provided with the following materials: Redox Reactions Reactions involving oxidation and reduction processes are very important in our everyday world. They make batteries work and cause metals to corrode (or help to prevent their corrosion). They enable us to obtain heat by burning fuels--in factories and in our bodies. Many redox reactions are complex. However‚ combustion and synthesis (from elements) are
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produced from the residuals from the smelting of zinc‚ copper‚ and lead ores through electrolysis‚ precipitation‚ and reduction. Nowadays it is procured from reserves or is imported from countries such as Belgium‚ the Netherlands‚ Germany‚ and the United Kingdom. (“Toxicological Profile for Thallium”) Up until 2005 there had been no discovery or reports of thallium deposits in the natural world‚ since it is a byproduct in the mining of gold‚ lead‚ zinc‚ copper‚ mercury‚ and arsenic that had been stumbled
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------------------------------------------------- Liquid–liquid extraction From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning‚ is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids‚ usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories‚ where it is performed
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QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY Mam Dawn Assay of HCL Aqueous Alkalimetry Direct titration 0.1N NaOH Methyl Red TS HCL + NaOH NaCl + H2O Assay of Diluted H3PO4 Aqueous Alkalimetry Direct titration 0.1N NaOH Thymolphthalein TS H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + 2H2O Assay of H3BO3 Aqueous Alkalimetry Direct titration 0.1N NaOH Phenolphthalein TS H3BO3 H+ + BO2- + H2O
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Chemistry : Important Questions For CBSE Class XII ( Haloalkanes and Haloarenes) (Q.1) Choose the incorrect statement about the benzyl chloride: ( 1 mark ) (a) It is less reactive than alkyl halides. (b) It can be oxidized to benzaldehyde by boiling with copper nitrate solution. (c) It is a lachrymatory liquid and answers beilstein’s test. (d) It gives a white precipitate with alcoholic silver nitrate (Q.2) Dry ether The reaction RX + 2Na + RX _______________? R-R + 2NaXis called. ( 1 mark
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A diagram of the voltaic pile is shown below: Blotting paper soaked in Zinc metal H2SO4 (aq) Copper metal One cell Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The overall equation of the reaction occurring in the cell is Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu. Zinc is the anode‚ while copper is the cathode. cathode The e.m.f. of the voltaic pile can be increased by stacking more elements 37 When drops of NaOH
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