An Alternative Retail Pricing Policy for Petroleum Products: A Case Study of Gasoline and High Speed Diesel in Thailand Thiraphong Vikitset School of Development Economics National Institute of Development Administration 118 Seri Thai Road‚ Bangkapi District‚ Bangkok 10240‚ Thailand E-mail: thiraphongv@yahoo.com. 2 Abstract This article examines the retail pricing policy of gasoline and high speed diesel in Thailand. The pricing policy of these two products is characterized by cross price
Premium Supply and demand
is 54%‚ βe= βa*(1+D/E)= 0.82*(1+0.46/0.54)=1.52 Re=Rf+ βe *EMRP= 0.0498+(1.52*0.05)= 0.1258 4. T=38.58% WACC= D/V*(1-T)*Rd+E/V*Re= 0.46*(1-0.3858)*0.0658+0.56*0.1258=8.9% Refining & Marketing (same with Exploration & Production) 1. Rf=0.0498 2. Cost of debt‚ Rd=Rf+ the spread to Treasury(Refining & Marketing)=0.0498+0.018=0.0678 3. Cost of equity‚ EMRP=5%. βa=Equity Beta/(1+D/E)= 1.2/(1+0.203)= 0.998 According to Table1‚ consolidated D/V is 31%‚ E/V is 69%‚ βe=
Premium Weighted average cost of capital Capital Taxation in the United States
Teaching for learning 2: Justification for scheme of work 0805064 Angie Newton Planning as a whole is an essential aspect of teaching and is even more effective when it’s a process that is collaborative with your colleagues and pupils‚ therefore enhancing the effectiveness of your teaching (DCFS‚ 2011‚ Mawer‚ 1995). Schemes of work are a long term planning solution‚ which identify the learning opportunities across a whole school year (Gower‚ 2004). The framework is broad‚ so to go alongside
Premium Education Learning Curriculum
Sugar Studying sugar may seem like an ineffective way to approach the Caribbean’s rise to a globalized economy. It is quite the contrary‚ sugar rose to be an extremely popular and profitable staple for the international food economy. It grew to play a major role in what we know of today as the global food market. Sugar started developing immense popularity around the 1960’s due to colonial slavery‚ the industrialization of a global economy‚ and an increase in tea consumption. Sugar was introduced
Free Slavery Caribbean Atlantic slave trade
John D. Rockefeller John D Rockefeller‚ an American Industrialist and Philanthropist‚ was known for many things. At the young age of 19 he started his own company and later he founded the Standard Oil Company and the Rockefeller foundation. John Davison Rockefeller was the world’s first millionaire. In 1859‚ at the age of 19‚ he started his first company with a young Englishman. The company name was Clark and Rockefeller. The first year alone‚ the company grossed four hundred fifty thousand dollars
Premium Balance sheet Stock Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
process is to remove the low boiling purifications‚ typically called “light ends”. This is done in a “topping column” where the low boiling compounds are boiled off to produce a mixture of methanol and water.A refining column is used to separate water and methanol under heavy boiling. The refining column needs to be high as methanol and water is reluctant to separate easily. Greater quality methanol eventually accumulates at the top of the column and is then transferred to a storage tank. Water accumulates
Premium Oxygen Hydrogen Chemical reaction
Solar Panel The world’s energy demands increase year after year‚ while its resources are consistently being depleted in order to sustain these energy demands. These limited resources will one day be no more. A dependable source of renewable energy must be found. Currently solar energy is not efficient enough to sustain the population. However‚ the technology is constantly advancing‚ and solar energy could one day be that source. The solar cell’s roots can be traced all the way back
Premium Solar cell Photovoltaics
also a "print friendly" version of the chocolate making process at the end of the video.) Review the process and take a look at some of the videos. Pay particular attention to the process steps of milling and pressing‚ mixing the ingredients‚ and refining. In at least one paragraph‚ describe the costing system that you would recommend Hershey use to account for its cost of goods sold and why. Include a few product costs you think would be traceable‚ which costs should be allocated and how Hershey
Premium Costs Cost Variable cost
for net exports and imports. 7. Explain why crude oil is usually shipped long distances rather than final products. 8. How does composition of crude oil demand in the US differ from most countries in the rest of the world? How does this affect the refining sector in the US relative to the rest of the world? 9. In what way was OPEC modeled after the Texas Railroad Commission? OPEC is sometimes referred to as a ‘clumsy cartel’. Why? What factors tend to make OPEC less successful than the Texas Railroad
Premium OPEC Petroleum
company‚ in order to get familiarized with it. Petrom is the largest oil and gas producer in South Eastern Europe. With activities in the business segments of Exploration and Production‚ Refining‚ Marketing as well as Gas‚ Petrom has proved oil and gas reserves of 823 mn boe‚ a maximum refining capacity of 8 million tons per year‚ approximately 550 filling stations in Romania and over 260 filling stations in Moldova‚ Bulgaria and Serbia. 1. General description of the company Short
Premium Natural gas Renewable energy Strategic management