energy orbit are called valence electrons * Valance shell contains the valence electrons Ion: * An ion is simply a regular atom that is charged * It gets charged when electrons are gained or loss * During a reaction‚ atoms prefer to look like their closest Noble Gas atom in their valence shell * The ionic charge is the charge of the atom with a full valence shell Ionic
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Macromolecules have properties that are very different from those of their constituent monomer. o Each new level of organization results in properties that cannot be predicted solely from those of the previous level. o Levels of complexity: atoms > molecules
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|WEEK |LEARNING OBJECTIVES |LEARNING OUTCOMES |ACTIVITIES |REMARKS | |1 |FORM 4 ORIENTATION | | |4/1 – 6/1 |
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one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms‚ fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine or iodine. In carbon-halogen bond‚ halogens have significantly greater electronegativities than carbon except iodine. In result‚ this group is polarized so that the carbon is electrophilic and the halogen is nucleophilic. Halogenoalkanes can be classified depending on the halogen atom position on the chain of carbon atoms. The carbon which is attached with the halogen atom is linked up with only
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Thermochemistry IB questions 1. Ammonium nitrate‚ NH4NO3‚ dissolves readily in water according to the equation: NH4NO3(s) NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) H = 28kJ mol-1 Which of the following contribute(s) to the occurrence of this process? I. The system moves to lower enthalpy. II. The system becomes more disordered. a. I only b. II only c. Both I and II d. Neither I nor II 2. Which substance has the largest lattice energy? a. NaF b. KCl c. MgO d. CaS 3. A certain reaction is spontaneous
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A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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present in greater amount Solute: in an alloy‚ the element or compound present in lesser amount Solid Solution: homogeneous maintains crystal structure contains randomly dispersed impurities (substitutional or interstitial) Second Phase: as solute atoms are added‚ new compounds / structures are formed‚ or solute forms local precipitates Solubility Limit of a component in a phase is the maximum amount of the component that can be dissolved in it (e.g. alcohol has unlimited solubility in water‚ sugar
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Chemical bond From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such ascovalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole–dipole interactions
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------------------------------------------------- Service quality Continuity of supply In 2004‚ water supply was available on average for 18 hours each day in the West Zone of Metro Manila and 21 hours in the East Zone. According to their respective websites‚ the utility responsible for water supply in the East Zone of Metro Manila increased 24-hour water from 26% in 1997 to 98% in 2007‚ whereas in the West Zone‚ 42% of the customers had an uninterrupted supply in 2007. In a 2004 sample of 45
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The Identification and Production of Materials 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances. Students Learn To: .2 Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum. • Ethylene is produced either from natural gas or crude oil‚ which are mixtures of hydrocarbons. One method involves… Cracking: a process by which hydrocarbons with higher molecular
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