Chemistry Notes: Metals: • A metal consists of a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of mobile delocalised valence electrons. • Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the positive ions in the metallic lattice. Properties of metals: Property Explanation Relatively high density The particles are very close together. This is because of high electrostatic forces between the sea of valence electrons and the positively charged nucleus.
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holds atoms of elements and ions together to become a stable‚ new substance called a compound. -the number of valence electrons determines if an atom will form a chemical bond. -metals tend to give up electrons to other atoms. -nonmetals tend to take electrons from other atoms. -noble gases will not form a chemical bond because these atoms already have a full outer shell of energy. Ionization: the process of gaining or losing electrons to become an ion. -ion: atom that has a net positive
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One - The Structure of the Atom Atomic Structure 1) Copy and complete the table: Particle Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron 1 0 Electron 1/840 -1 2) What is the charge on an ion formed when an atom loses two electrons? +2 3) What is the charge on an ion formed when an atom gains two electrons? -2 The Mole 1) Find the molar mass of zinc 65g/mol 2)Find the molar mass of sulfuric acid H2 SO4 98g/mol 3) How many moles of sodium chloride
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by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals. Remember that metal atoms lose one or more valence electrons in order to achieve a stable electron arrangement. When a metal atom loses electrons it forms a positive ion or cation. When nonmetals react they gain one or more electrons to reach a stable electron arrangement. When a nonmetal atom gains one or more electrons it forms a negative ion or anion. The metal cations donate electrons
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consists of ions‚ electrons‚ and atoms. Most analytical plasmas operate with pure argon or helium‚ which makes combustion impossible. Plasmas are characterized by their temperature‚ as well as their electron and ion densities. Analytical plasmas typically range in temperature from 6000 to 8‚000K. The procedure involves; 1. Sample Preparation: Some samples require special preparation steps including treatment with acids‚
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positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion. Covalent - A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule. 2. Explain the structure of metals‚ ionic compounds‚ covalent molecules and covalent networks and give examples of compounds and elements that have these structures. Metals – In a piece of metal‚ the outer shell of electrons are not closely to their own atoms. They leave their atoms‚ forming positively charged ions‚ and tend
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While table sugar is made up of sucrose molecules (remember covalent compounds from chemistry?)‚ table salt (sodium chloride) is a very different kind of chemical compound‚ an ionic compound. It is made up of two smaller particles‚ a sodium ion and a chlorine ion. Sodium chloride can be made in the laboratory (don’t try this at home!) by
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triethylammonium chloride (PTC in this experiment) serves as a transporter of OH ions which dissociate from sodium‚ from the aqueous phase to the organic phase where chloroform is present. The reaction between OH ions and chloroform can then proceed to generate the dichlorocarbene which then reacts with cyclohexene to produce the desired product. The dissociation of NaOH and the subsequent transporting reaction between the PTC and OH ion is illustrated below.
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bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. A covalent bond is the chemical bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. A compound is made when two or more atoms form a chemical bond‚ linking them together. The two types of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. In an ionic bond‚ the atoms are bound together by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. If the electron is shared equally between the atoms forming a covalent bond
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The separation scheme was created by centrifuging a controlled sample of one of the ions or anions combined with one of the reagents such as NaCl. It was found that it could be separated out after centrifuging and would result in a sample without the ions or anions if it precipitated. With the data from week one a method of adding the reagents in a certain order would result in the ability to separate all ions or anions out of a solution. Overall‚ knowing how the cations or anions reacted with certain
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