Identification of Unknown Organic Compounds by Melting Point‚ Boiling Point‚ and Infrared Spectroscopy Methods and Background The goal of this laboratory experiment was to determine the structure and identity of an unknown solid and an unknown liquid by using elemental analysis‚ index of hydrogen deficiency‚ infrared spectroscopy‚ melting point (for solid)‚ and boiling point (for liquid). In this laboratory‚ we were given unknown solid “C” and unknown liquid “D”. The empirical formula
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How to Form Ionic Bonds 1. Explain (step-by-step) how to form ionic bonds between Li+ and N-3. First‚ understand that all atoms want full shells. All atoms‚ except for noble gases‚ have valence electrons. These electrons are the ones on the outermost shell. All atoms either want to get rid of these electrons or gain enough to make a full shell. Metals‚ which are on the right side of the periodic table‚ have less than 4 valence electrons. This means they want to get rid of those electrons. Nonmetals
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP III CATIONS Precipitation of Group III Cations and Separation into Subgroups Analysis of Subgroup A of Group III Cations Analysis of Subgroup B of Group III Cations (PART 1) Analysis of Subgroup B of Group III Cations (PART 2) ----------------------- Use decantate from group II cations Precipitate Decantate Consider as Group IIIB. Consider as Group IIIA. Centrifuge and separate. Add 10 drops of 1M HCl. Wash with few drops of H2O. Precipitate
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December 19th‚ 2012 Ms. Kathleen Sylva Head Researcher Ceramic Artisans Dear Ms. Sylva‚ In ionic and covalent bonds‚ there are many properties that make up each bond. Ionic bonds between a metal and a nonmetal are stronger than covalent bonds‚ have high melting and boiling points‚ and can conduct electricity in water. This is because the electrons are transferred‚ completing the valence electron shell and making the atom stable. Covalent bonds between nonmetals have weaker bonds‚ low melting
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Qualitative Cation Tests Peter Jeschofnig‚ Ph.D. Version 42-0194-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing
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The simplest structure shared among all living things is the Cell Maintenance of constant body temperature and pH are examples of Regulation and homeostasis a variety of finch species within the islands have acquired different types of beaks needed for utilizing specific food resources. This is an example of which property of living things Evolutionary adaption The three domains of life are called Bacteria‚ archaea and eukarya The grouping or classification of species is termed Taxonomy
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Bond By INSTRUCTOR: PURPOSE/INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment is to examine the properties of six common chemicals based upon their inherent molecular properties. Though this experiment‚ we can study and compare the bond properties of these chemicals. This experiment is also an introduction comparison of ionic and covalent bonding through real world testing. The properties of each type of bond will be exploited to the fullest during these tests. MATERIALS Materials required
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Writing Exercise – FePO4 Polymorphs 1. Compare and contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz‚ α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. FePO4 is a quartz-type of iron phosphate. It is different from other α-quartz isotypes due to the fact that the A-cation is a transition metal. The low-temperature α-phase can be from 294k neutron powder diffraction to high-temperature β-phase 1073K. As the quartz start to transit at 980K‚ from α-β‚ the Fe-O-P bridging angles start to increase value and the tetrahedral
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Identification of Unknown Organic Compound by Melting Point (M.P)‚ Boiling Point (B.P) and Infrared Spectroscopy Methods and Background The main objective of this lab is to identify the given unknown organic compounds with various methods. Identification of an unknown compound is important to perform through the process of melting point (M.P)‚ boiling point (B.P) and Infrared spectroscopy (I.R). Index of Hydrogen deficiency (IHD) and elemental analysis makes an experiment more efficient in
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Rules for aromaticity 1. A cyclic planer structure and each atom must have a P orbital so that the electron cloud is not intterupted 2. It must contain an odd number of electron pairs ▪ i.e. the number of electrons must be 4n+2 where n=0‚1‚2‚3‚4……… ▪ so the number of electrons is 2‚6‚10‚14‚18……. ▪ this rule is called the Hückel’s Rule • monocyclic hydrocarbons with alternating single and double bonds are called annulenes • annulenes are named as [n]-annulene
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