The Waldensians are a Christian branch of the early Roman Catholic Church that were founded in the late 1170s by Waldo of Lyons (also called Valdes). However‚ some people do believe the group predates Waldo‚ and only gained popularity while fleeing from prosecution to France. Their official symbol is that of a candle set on top of a bible‚ with the slogan “Lux Lucet in Tenebris” or “A light shining in the darkness.” Waldo was a wealthy merchant who gave away all his money and land to start preaching
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In 1540‚ Europe was under its reformation because new religious ideas were uprising in the public toward the Catholic Church‚ like Protestantism‚ Calvinism‚ and Lutheranism. This reformation was supposed to strengthen the Catholic Church and also keep the Protestant religion from spreading. Years later‚ the Protestant religion played a huge part in the Thirty
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Yiwan Ye Soc. Theory University of Iowa Spring 2013/Soboroff Final Course Paper 25 March 2013 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Introduction The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is one of the most famous but controversial sociological works written by German Sociologist Max Weber. His theory on Protestantism and Capitalism hypothesize how Protestant Ethic derived from Christian faith substantially stimulated the Capitalism development in history. This article
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docId=ft5m3nb3ft&chunk.id=d0e9454&toc.id=d0e9454&brand=ucpress 9 Renaissance and Reformation An Essay on Their Affinities and Connections This essay was commissioned by the organizers of the Fourth International Luther Congress‚ held in St. Louis in 1971. I tried to demonstrate in it not only the affinities of the Reformation with the Renaissance but also the European-wide character of the impulses underlying the Reformation. I naively assumed that none of this would be controversial‚ and I was quite
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Jasmine Weber Renaissance ▪ New golden age/"rebirth" ▪ Began in Italy ▪ Georgio Vasari coined the term "renaissance" ▪ Beginnings of individualism‚ personal recognition and less glory for God ▪ Printing press allowed the movement to spread ▪ At the time‚ italy was under the control of the HRE ▪ Urban underclass: popolo minuto "the people" ▪ Wealthy class: popolo grosso ▪ Ciompi Revolt: Florentine revolt of the popolo minuto. They gained control for a short period of time. ▪
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After the Protestant Reformation‚ England‚ Spain‚ France‚ and the Holy Roman Empire were the four leading powers in Europe‚ and Habsburg Spain was at the forefront of trade and authority. These roles were hardly ever challenged‚ with the occasional battle only slightly reshaping a few of the territories. Once the Treaty of Westphalia had been laid out‚ the geographical sections of Western Europe changed dramatically. The hostility within the Holy Roman Empire dispersed; the Swiss Confederacy and the
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President of the United States‚ John Adams‚ who described Calvin as "a vast genius‚" a man of "singular eloquence‚ vast erudition‚ and polished taste‚ [who] embraced the cause of Reformation‚" adding: "Let not Geneva be forgotten or despised. Religious liberty owes it much respect." Calvin‚ a humble scholar and convert to Reformation Christianity from Noyon‚ France‚ is best known for his influence on the city of Geneva. It was there that his careful articulation of Christian theology as applied to familial
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A. The Protestant Reformation 1. Martin Luther (1483-1546) attacked the sale of indulgences‚ 1517 a. Attacked corruption in the Roman Catholic Church; called for reform b. Argument reproduced with printing presses and widely read c. Enthusiastic popular response from lay Christians‚ princes‚ and many cities d. By mid-sixteenth century‚ half the German people adopted Lutheran Christianity 2. Reform spread outside Germany a. Protestant movements popular in Swiss cities‚ Low Countries
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AP European History Study Guide Pre-Renaissance * Middle Ages: began around 500 AD and ended around 1450 AD * Early Middle Ages * Roman Empire fell‚ Europe is turbulent and dark * Europe is being created by Germanic‚ Roman‚ and Church * Church * power founded in papacy * was political as well as spiritual * bishop of Rome lead Church * began the Pope system * Pope>Archbishops>Bishops>Priests * to go to heaven‚ followers had to
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Spirit‚ and in such a manner as to make his interpretation of the Bible and his predictions infallible. Whereas Luther‚ as Karl Holl pointed out some time ago‚ argued that one “must possess the Holy Spirit in order to understand the Word‚” and Zwingli could assert more personally at the First Zurich Disputation of January 1523 that God had desired‚ by “means of the inspiration and revelation of the Holy Spirit to speak through me‚” these statements had to do basically
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