Aspirin (1.30 g , 0.00722 mol), Caffeine (0.00666 g, 0.000350 mol) and Salicylamide (0.390 g, 0.00284 mol) were combined in a 100 mL beaker. To this beaker, ethyl acetate (20 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (10 mL) were added. The organic and aqueous layers were allowed time to separate before the organic layer was removed and put aside. An additional portion of NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) was added and the separation was repeated. The aqueous layer was put aside in a beaker labeled “NaHCO3 Extract.” To the organic layer still in the separatory funnel, 3M HCl (10 mL) was…
NaOH were added to each centrifuge tube individually and the results recorded. The contents of the…
A. How did your proposed Procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual Procedures of this lab exercise? (2 points)…
There were six sucrose solutions: 0.0 M (distilled water), 0.2 M, 0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M, and 1.0 M. The dependent variable was the mass of the cores of apple tissue. Changes in the dependent variable were measured by weighing the mass of each set of apple cores before and after its submerging in sucrose solution. The initial mass was then subtracted from the final mass and divided by the initial mass to calculate the percent change of each set. Changes in the dependent variable were analyzed in the form of percent change of mass rather than change in mass in grams because each set of apple cylinders had a different initial weight, so calculating percent change helped standardize the data. The control of the experiment was the distilled water because it has a molarity of 0.0 M, meaning that no sucrose is added to it. Several variables were held constant. It was attempted to keep the size of each core of apple tissue constant. Other constants include the ruler and scale used to measure the apple cores, as well as the knife used to cut the…
40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in another beaker, crushing the lumps until a powdery mixture remains. The powdery mixture is then transferred to a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Add the ammonium salts into the sulfuric acid mixture. Heat is applied to dissolve the salt. Once the solution has fully dissolved, allow it to cool until the warm substance is touchable. A prolonged waiting period can cause the solution to recrystallize and this process would have to be repeated again. Place 6.0 mL of water in a 15 mL centrifuge tube marking the tube at the 6.0 mL level and replace the water with the solvent-nucleophile mixture. The tube is set aside for the t-butyl experiment. The remaining mixture is placed in a 25 mL round bottom flask.…
Procedure: Using a 50-mL Erlenmeyer flask, 1.316 g (8.5 mmol) isoborneol and 1.0 mL (17 mmol) glacial acetic acid were stirred vigorously with a magnetic stir plate. A volume of 1.7 mL NaOCl was added to solution, and it was then heated to 50° C. Drop-wise, 15 mL of NaOCL were added to the solution over the following 10 minutes. The solution was heated at 70° C to maintain a temperature of 50° C. When it momentarily reached 55 ° C it was placed in an ice bath until it was 50° C again. The solution was then heated at 65 ° C for the remainder of the reaction. Over the next 20 minutes, the presence of NaOCl in the reaction mixture was ascertained every 5 minutes using a starch-iodide test. If the test was negative, additional NaOCl was added to achieve a positive test (0.5 – 1 ml fractions). After 20 minutes, the reaction mixture tested positive for NaOCl, and NaHSO3 was…
1. Separating out the Iron – this method uses irons property of being magnetic to single it out from the other substances which do not respond to a magnet.…
1 ml of 2-methyl-2-butanol was measured using 1 ml syringe and transferred into a 5 ml conical vial. 2.5 ml of highly concentrated Hydrochloric acid was then slowly added while the vial was constantly swirled. After mixing alcohol with HCl the vial was capped with a screw cap and gently shaken for about 10 seconds. The cap was then immediately loosened to ensure proper venting and release of excess pressure in the vial. The venting process was repeated a couple of times.…
First, a 10 mL Erlenmeyer Flask was placed in an ice bath and filled with 0.6 mL of concentrated H2SO4 and 0.3 g of methyl benzoate. In a separate conical vial, 0.2 mL of HNO3 and 0.2 mL of H2SO4 were mixed to make an acidic solution. In order to handle these acids, rubber gloves and glass pipettes were utilized. The Erlenmeyer Flask was moved to a cold water bath, and the acidic solution was added drop wise via a glass pipette. The new solution was removed from the bath and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes.…
1. Create a flow chart for the separation of your unknown mixture – BERFORE doing lab…
The separation scheme was created by centrifuging a controlled sample of one of the ions or anions combined with one of the reagents such as NaCl. It was found that it could be separated out after centrifuging and would result in a sample without the ions or anions if it precipitated. With the data from week one a method of adding the reagents in a certain order would result in the ability to separate all ions or anions out of a solution. Overall, knowing how the cations or anions reacted with certain reagents benefited greatly to determine a way to create a separation scheme.…
Purpose: Learn and demonstrate how to separate different ingredients from a mixture of solids using different methods based on the properties of each ingredient.…
No preliminary dilution of my test chemicals were necessary as Lab Paq provided pre-diluted chemicals. Utilizing the 96-well plate, 2 pipet drops of each chemical were added to the wells in the following combinations: a) NaHCO3+HCl b) HCl+Bromthymol blue c) NH3+1 drop Bromthymol blue d) HCl+blue dye e) Blue dye+NaOCl followed by HCl f) NaOCl+KI followed by various test foods g) KI+Pb(NO3)2 h) NaOH+phenolphthalein i) HCl + phenolphthalein j) NaOH+AgNO3 k) AgNO3+NH3 l) NH3+CuSO4. Along the way, observations were made pertaining to the reactions witnessed. This experiment concluded with testing household chemicals and proper disposal of lab chemicals.…
In part five of the experiment the weak acid had to be isolated by adding HCl to the NaOH extract. When the HCl was added the NaOH extract became a cloudy and thick liquid. When drying the solution, the solid was a pale pink clay material. This was consistent with the theory because with added HCl the NaOH is protonated forming a salt that is soluble in an aqueous solution. Part six of the experiment was similar to part five, however, the drying time of the strong acid was much faster and produced a powder type solid than the weak acid.…
To most people, love is a generally beautiful thing that fills one with happiness. Usually, if one person really loves another, he or she would never dream of hurting or cheating on this loved one. However, sometimes this does not happen. Love is not always pleasurable, sometimes it can be painful. Throughout The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera, the definition of love is twisted, knotted, and otherwise distorted. Love, and the weight that comes with it, is a main theme of the novel, which is evident in the stories of Tereza, Tomas, and Sabina.…