The sixteenth amendment in article I, section 8 gives congress the power to impose and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. In article I, section 9 states that no direct could be imposed unless made proportion to the population based on census result, which means congress has to levy taxes based on the state population rather than individual. During the civil war the federal government imposed an income tax for individual to pay tax for war expenses; the supreme court found this to be unconstitutional based on the case of Pollock v. farmer’s Loan & trust co. (1895). After this case congress sent to the states the sixteenth amendment which gives congress the power to impose direct tax, that is, congress fixes the amount of income it wants to raise and levies each state with their proportionate share of the amount, a direct tax can be collected by federal officials or the states; state can collect their taxes in any way they want. In nutshell, a direct tax is collected only on persons or property. Indirect taxes are not being used in the constitution. It is simply a label for all duties, imposts and excises taken as a group, and is usually referred to any tax which is not direct. Though it has often been disputed that a uniform tax is one, which shows fundamental equality, the Supreme Court has constantly rejected this disagreement. The main purpose of allowing indirect taxes to be uniform is to secure the law of no taxation without representation.…
Additionally, the community’s tax dollars used to support the enslaved workforce are not being spent to improve the same community in which they are living in. Corporations exploit this workforce to create products are then sold back to the taxpayers. McDonald’s uses prison labor to process the beef for hamburgers which when consumed heavily can damage the society’s health. Victoria’s secret hires prisoners to sew their products that coerce the society into believing that they can only be accepted if they resemble a certain body type.…
The 14th Amendment stands up for the rights of the citizens. According to dictionary.com, it is an amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1868, defining citizenship and forbidding states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons. In my opinion when it comes to the 14th Amendment and Gault’s confinement to an Industrial School, his rights were violated. I do not believe he was given a fair chance from the time he was picked up from his parent’s house because they should have been notified immediately and he should have had access to counsel before speaking.…
Dr. King was an African American who wanted each and every human being to be treated equal. He did not care what color you were because in his eyes color did not matter. Dr. King was born in Atlanta, Georgia and grew up attending Ebenezer Baptist Church. While at Ebenezer he served as a pastor from 1914-1931. King was a very educated man which shows by him graduating high school at the young age of fifteen. He later went on and graduated from Moore House College.…
The fourteenth amendment was written in 1868 but it is still relevant today. The amendment states , “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens,” using the restroom is a pretty basic privilege. Forcing people to use the bathroom of the sex they were assigned at birth would be going against this amendment. Trans people would be endangered by using the bathroom of their sex they were assigned at birth. If a man of trans experience walked into a woman's restroom all of the women would react negatively just like if a woman of trans experience walked into a men's bathroom.The argument against this is that there would be an increase of rape. If someone is insane enough to rape someone I highly doubt that a little sign on a door is going to stop them. Everyone thinks that their children are going to be molested if people are allowed to use the restroom of the gender they identify with mostly because of people pretending to be trans, but honestly, there is a possibility of children being molested anywhere.…
The 14th Amendment states that no state can make/ enforce any law which it takes away privileges or immunities from a person that is a citizen of the United States or that was born in the United States. The 14th Amendment has been used in an awful way for the past five years by the certified peace officers of other communities. An example of this is the death of Trayvon Martin in 2012. He was brutally murdered by a peace officer Stanford, Florida because of something that was portrayed as something else. Citizens of the United States should all have equal protection under the law because we are all born under the same constitution and are all human beings.…
During Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency, cooperative federalism was introduced. Cooperative Federalism is a form of federalism in which the federal and state governments work together in order to provide services to the public. According to the textbook “Governing Texas: An Introduction to Texas Politics,” the federal government provides money to the state to be used to create federal grant programs which address key social problems. However, the programs created by the state must meet specific administrative guidelines. Programs are more effectively and efficiently implemented by state and local governments rather than the federal government because the state and local governments have a better understanding of what will and will not work…
Martin Luther King Jr. once said “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” Imagine being put into a situation where someone is in complete and utter control of your future and the severity of it. Now pretend they also are going to make it as severe as possible either because you are from a poor family, you have different religious or political views, or someone bribed them to make it as harsh as possible for you. This obviously is not fair and would cause any rational person to rebel against the system put in place for them; that is exactly what the colonists did when King George III took away the colonists’ right to trial by jury. Colonists knew the importance of the 7th Amendment because it prevented judicial bias and allowed…
Although the Second Amendment was adopted in 1791 there are still two different interpretations to whether the amendment refers to all individual rights to bear arms or strictly the right to bear arms when forming militias.…
“The Constitution limits the authority of federal courts to decide actual cases or controversies. That has come to mean that a federal; court can decide only a legal dispute that has real- world meaning to parties” (Denniston par. 26). The court decides whether or not that one’s case is valid or invalid on the matter of obtaining and assessing in the nature of electronic eavesdropping. Detaining the case in the first places is outrageous and obscured, because it maintains to go against a written Constitution that was placed in power by the Founding Fathers to supply America with clearly underlined rules and regulations to certain matter, and the fact that these matters are being take under consideration and sought out to be implicated only alls back on the eyes of the officials who wish to proceed further. With presidents coming into play only drowns the idea into oblivion. Reaching the capacity of perfection or a society built on perfection isn’t realistic or ideal in this instance. Maintaining structure on the other is apprehensible, and thus is well advised. Prompting society with allegations of corruption or granting approval to provoke this law is an awakening that is not perceived to end in bliss.…
The liberties of a citizen is perceived not guaranteed. After 9/11 there was a lack of privacy in the United States government that affect everyday life. While the school own the lockers and the supreme court considers us minors, privacy should be extended to students cellphones and lockers. The fourteenth amendment addresses all citizens the same rights and equal protection of the law including minors. The fourth amendment also states and proves the right of the people to be…
In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution because of the concern related to the status of protection extended to the newly freed slaves against mistreatment by the states recently freed slaves. The Fourteenth Amendment offered a solution to these discriminatory laws simply guaranteeing “due process of law”, requiring the legal system to provide fundamentally fair trial procedures and “equal protection of laws”, and thereby requiring the government to treat all persons with equal respect. Post Civil War, Congress submitted to the states certain amendments as part of its reconstruction program to guarantee equal civil and legal rights to black citizens . The major provision of the 14th amendment was to grant citizenship…
The Bill of Rights holds 27 Amendments that are all very beneficial to how our country works and makes decisions. Altering or taking away these amendments could be detrimental to our country’s well-being and take away our basic rights as American citizens. Adding new amendments may be beneficial because of the constant change in our country that needs adapting to and guidelines with ways to manage the new changes. An amendment likely to be made in the future after Mr. Donald Trump’s term(s) might be enforcing gun control and repealing the 2nd Amendment. I say this because even though more than half of the population does not want to have gun control, the other ¼ do, and will most likely find a way to get what they want. Another amendment that might be made is a ban against abortions.…
Issues About the Fourth Amendment 1. Introduction The bill of rights is the name of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. James Madison wrote The 4th Amendment is about people having the right to have privacy and feel secure in their persons, houses and not having unreasonable searches and seizures, and one shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause. In other words, the 4th amendment is about having privacy, no one is allowed to search you unless there’s a warrant.…
Who knows the First Amendment by heart? Word for word? [Rhetorical Question] I did not and I still do not. I just know that the First Amendment gives us the right to express ourselves, at the right time and place. School should be a safe place where students, like us, can come and feel free to learn and share our opinions without any disruptions or negative comments. If such things are executed in class, it should and will call for suspension. But I am not saying that our rights are taken away when we enter school property, that is far from what I am saying. This important constitutional right that is used in our everyday lives is not absolute. The Supreme Court has gone back and forth, and back and forth [Repetition], trying to come to an agreement about what is a “reasonable” act of expression in school and how far is too far. Now, some may argue that developing such policies of limiting an individual’s ability to express themselves freely is a violation of the First Amendment [Concession][Ethos]. But when a conflict arises about which is more important, protecting the interest of the community or safeguarding the rights of that…