17th Century Crisis
The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century
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The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century
, ,
HUGH TREVOR-ROPER
LIBERTY FUND
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word ‘‘freedom’’ (amagi), or ‘‘liberty.’’ It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 .. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.
© 1967 by Liberty Fund, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Frontispiece © 1999 by Ellen Warner 05 04 03 02 01 05 04 03 02 01 C P 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trevor-Roper, H. R. (Hugh Redwald), 1914– The crisis of the seventeenth century / H.R. Trevor-Roper. p. cm. Originally published: New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-86597-274-5 (alk. paper)—ISBN 0-86597-278-8 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Europe—History—17th century. I. Title: Crisis of the 17th century. II. Title. D246.T75 2001 940.2'52—dc21 00-025945
Liberty Fund, Inc. 8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684
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1 Religion, the Reformation, and Social Change 1 The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century 43 The European Witch-craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 83 The Religious Origins of the Enlightenment 179 Three Foreigners: The Philosophers of the Puritan Revolution 219 The Fast Sermons of the Long Parliament 273 Oliver Cromwell and His Parliaments 317 Scotland and the Puritan Revolution 359 The Union of Britain in the Seventeenth Century 407
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3
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6 7 8 9
427 v
Louis de Geer at the age of sixty-two. From the portrait by
-
The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century
, ,
HUGH TREVOR-ROPER
LIBERTY FUND
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word ‘‘freedom’’ (amagi), or ‘‘liberty.’’ It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 .. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.
© 1967 by Liberty Fund, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Frontispiece © 1999 by Ellen Warner 05 04 03 02 01 05 04 03 02 01 C P 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trevor-Roper, H. R. (Hugh Redwald), 1914– The crisis of the seventeenth century / H.R. Trevor-Roper. p. cm. Originally published: New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-86597-274-5 (alk. paper)—ISBN 0-86597-278-8 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Europe—History—17th century. I. Title: Crisis of the 17th century. II. Title. D246.T75 2001 940.2'52—dc21 00-025945
Liberty Fund, Inc. 8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684
vii ix
1 Religion, the Reformation, and Social Change 1 The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century 43 The European Witch-craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 83 The Religious Origins of the Enlightenment 179 Three Foreigners: The Philosophers of the Puritan Revolution 219 The Fast Sermons of the Long Parliament 273 Oliver Cromwell and His Parliaments 317 Scotland and the Puritan Revolution 359 The Union of Britain in the Seventeenth Century 407
2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9
427 v
Louis de Geer at the age of sixty-two. From the portrait by