2.1 Explain How Popular Uprising Contributed To The French Revolution

1.1 Describe the social structure of the Old Regime The Old Regime was the social and political system of France in the 1770s where everybody was divided into three groups based on the social standing of their family. The First Estate, made up of the clergy of the Church, gave 2% of its income to the government. The Second Estate, made up of rich nobles, paid none to minimal taxes. The Third Estate accounted for 97% of the population and was made up of three general groups---the bourgeoisie, workers, and peasants---defined by their economic conditions. The bourgeoisie were The people of the Third Estate, being heavily taxed without any rights, resented the clergy and nobles.

2.1 Explain how popular uprising contributed to the French Revolution
Popular uprising contributed to the French Revolution by uniting the public under one common goal. These revolts included the storming of the Bastille and the September Massacres, both of which involved raiding prisons. During the Great Fear, peasants stormed the Bastille, broke into the manor’s of nobles, and rioted over the increasing cost of bread. They were able to drive the royal family from Versailles and start radical reforms. These reforms included the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the restructuring of the relationship between church and state, and the creation of the Legislative Assembly which then turned into the National Convention. 2.3 Explain how people outside France responded to the Revolution Monarchies outside France feared that the ideas that started the Revolution would migrate to their own countries and would subsequently cause similar revolts to break out.
Fearing that they would lose power, many European countries worked together to crush the French Revolution to lower the possibility of uprisings in their own countries. Austria and Prussia were highly alarmed with the dethroning of the French monarchy, prompting them to urge the French to restore Louis XVI to power. As a result, the Legislative Assembly declared war on the allies. During Napoleon’s rule, Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden feared his ambitions to conquer all of Europe and allied against France.

4.3 Explain how Napoleon built and defended his empire Napoleon first built his empire by gaining fame and recognition through military achievements in the French army. He then rose to political power through a coup d’état when he overthrew the Directory and took the title of first consul after a plebiscite was held. Later, in 1804, Napoleon crowned himself emperor of France. He built his empire in Europe by using money from the sale of the Louisiana Purchase to fund his government. He then continued to gain victories in battles against Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden, giving him dominance over Europe. The only major battle he lost was the Battle of Trafalgar.

5.3 Specify how the Congress of Vienna sought to impose a new order on
Europe The Congress of Vienna was made up of representatives of Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, and France. These meetings were held after the defeat of Napoleon with a goal of establishing peace in Europe. Klemens von Metternich, the foreign minister of Austria, was among those who met. He had three goals at the Congress of Vienna: to surround France with strong countries, to restore a balance of power, and to enforce the principle of legitimacy---restoring the former rulers that preceded Napoleon back into power. By achieving these three goals, the Congress succeeded in maintaining peace in Europe.