The Vietnam War was from 26 September 1959 to 30 April1975. The North Vietnam (communist) and fought against South Vietnam (supported by the Americans) in the war. The Vietnam War was an attempt by the Americans to stop the spread of communism in south East Asia[i]. On January 23, 1973 both sides agreed to ceasefire. It was the first time the United States had lost a war. Thereafter Americans felt that their country should take a less active role in foreign policy. As the war led to economic loss and resulted in many civilian casualties for Vietnam.
In 1959 Fidel Castro of Cuba just after over-throwing Dictator Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar fears military intervention from the U.S.A.in 1961 he turned to the Soviet Union for support and requested for military assistance. The Soviet Union responded by sending troops to Cuba and they started putting up missile installations[ii] in retaliation the U.S.A sent spy planes over Cuba. These planes detected the missiles, situation became serious. Hence both countries come to the realisation that a nuclear war is very imminent, thereafter a series of treaties were agreed upon by both states.[iii]
In his quest to reclaim territory which he considered to belong to his people Saddam Hussein on 7th September 1980 attacked Iran. The conflicted continued for the next eight years.[iv] In 1988 Iraq launched an offensive attack which resulted in a
Bibliography: Gamal Abdel Nasser. Egypt 's Liberation: The Philosophy of the Revolution, Public Affairs Press, Washington DC, 1955, Pp 3. The Effects of the Vietnam War, http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/nhhs/html3/vet.htm. Sheldon M. Stern. Inside the secret Cuban missile crisis, Stanford university Press, California, 2005, Pp 11-18. Roger Hilsman, The Cuban missile crisis: the struggle over policy, Preager publishing. , 1996. Pp, 69-79. Farhang Rajae, Iranian perspectives on the Iran-Iraq war, the university press of Florida. 1997. Pp, 39-49. James D. Hamilton, Oil and the Macroeconomy since World War II, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 91, No. 2 (Apr., 1983). jehane Sedky-Lavandero, Mark Vergara, December 2004. Rwanda: Ten years after the genocide. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/rwanda_genocide.html. (accessed on 2010-03-16). Phuong N, Harvey M, Timothy Longman., Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Rwanda Implications for Attitudes Toward Justice and Reconciliation. Vol. 292 No. 5, August 4, 2009. Accessed from http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/5/602 (accessed on 2010-03-16).[pic] . 292 No. 5, August 4, 07250 2004