Lack Of Leadership In Canada
Canada’s Lack of Leadership in United Nations World Affairs Canada is known to be the “nice guys” of the world, but we have shady patches in our history that could easily strip us of our “nice guys” title, especially when it comes to foreign affairs. During the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the Canadian government ignored many reports of the intense violence going on in Rwanda. Canada voted against Palestinian statehood and has been showing our disagreement on this issue, but continues to talk without taking action. Canada is known to opt out of environmental resolutions, including the Kyoto Protocol and more recently, the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. Canada often does not take a leadership role when it comes to UN foreign affairs. Canada
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did not adequately respond to the Rwandan genocide conflict in 1994. We responded too late and too lightly because of our ignorance. We received many detailing reports about the intense violence that was going on against the Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Canadian Government received these reports months before the genocide started in April. The government received many reports about the increasing ethnic tensions that were going on and the increasing violence that foreshadowed a civil war, but we chose to ignore them. We received reports as early as February 17, when Denis Provost a Canadian consul in Rwanda sent a fax of a press meeting of African ambassadors in Rwanda.
The fax reports showed that the UN missions had proof that there were militia training camps and that weapons were passed out to Tutsis- an obvious move of preparation of a massacre. Major Brent Beardsley a military aide to Romeo Dallaire during the genocide said, “Ottawa knew something was going on. . . everyone was sitting back and waiting for some else to take a lead,”(Black). Canada had reports foreshadowing a civil war and we chose to ignore them. Beardsley’s statement shows that Canada did not take a leadership role and just sat back and waited for someone else to take it. We should have taken action and proposed a plan to stop the genocide as soon as we were getting these gruesome reports. Beardsley also says that the government did not have Rwanda has a priority and because of this, they chose to ignore the reports (Black). This shows Canada’s ignorance of the situation. Canada had an attitude of “it’s not our problem” and because it doesn 't affect Canada in a major way, they decided to ignore the situation. Even our then foreign affairs minister, Andre Ouellet, acknowledged our …show more content…
lack of intervention saying, “You know we are all responsible in the sense nobody woke up on time,” (Black). Ouellet is acknowledging the fact the no one stood up and brought the issue to the United Nations’ attention as a major crisis before the genocide started, when we were first getting reports. Canada had the reports and could’ve taken the leadership role and brought it to the United Nations’ attention. Then they could have proposed a plan to prevent the genocide from happening, such as placing troops there earlier or having armed troops. Romeo Dallaire, the Canadian general that led UNAMIR said, “The rage I have is towards our ineptness and sense of irresponsibility to those who expect us to be in a leadership role,” (Hampson). Dallaire talked about our lack of leadership. He was the one who experienced our ignorance and cowardly instincts as he was the Canadian general that wanted to actually do something about it. He asked for reinforcement from the UN as soon as Habyarimana’s death, but was denied; not even his own country helped him. We ignored Dallaire’s cries for help and action and continued to just follow the UN’s ineffective solution. The UNAMIR chose not to use force and were only successful in helping survivors out and counting the dead. Canada should have stood up at the UN meetings and should have assisted Dallaire and ask for armed troops to be put in place to prevent more violence. Our former Governor General, Michaelle Jean, apologized in 2010 after a visit to Rwanda, “The world 's failure to respond adequately to the genocide is a failure in which Canada — as part of the international community — readily acknowledges its fair share of responsibility,” (CBC News). Our former governor general apologizing for our failure to adequately response to the Rwandan genocide shows Canada’s lack of leadership and intervention. "I think we could have made a difference," she told reporters later. "I think we could have prevented the magnitude of the horror that brought genocide here," (CBC News). Michaelle Jean further proves that argument that Canada does not take a leadership role as she acknowledges the fact that we could have a difference and we could have prevented the genocide. If Canada had taken a leadership role in trying to prevent and stop the genocide in Rwanda, we could have saved thousands of lives and be known as a leader for intolerance of violence and discrimination. Canada chose to vote no for Palestine being recognized as an independent state at UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) and our government has been showing its negative view on this issue, but Canada does not even try to help out the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Palestine successfully won by a landslide; 138 for yes and 9 for no. Palestine’s recognition as an independent state did not come with any statehood laws or official borders, but was just as a symbolic action for the Palestinians. It did not impose any political or harmful threats to Israel or any other country, but just as an identity to be recognized as a separate state from Israel. Canada chose to vote against Palestine being recognized as an independent state because PM Stephen Harper believes, "We favour a two-state solution in this region, that will not be accomplished in reality unless and until the Palestinian Authority returns to the negotiating table and is able to get a comprehensive peace agreement with Israel," (Parry). Stephen Harper believes that this recognition will not help the Israeli-Palestine conflict and will just make it worse. Stephen Harper demonstrated his reasoning on Palestine’s statehood vote, but he did not state how Canada will help the Palestinians and Israelis come to peace. Also, our foreign affairs minister John Baird said, “It is for these reasons that Canada is voting against this resolution. As a result of this body’s utterly regrettable decision to abandon policy and principle, we will be considering all available next steps,” (Humphreys). John Baird expresses his strong dislike for the UN’s decision to recognize Palestine as an independent state, calling it an “utterly regrettable decision” and says that Canada will be “considering all available next steps.” However, Baird does not elaborate or explain what those “next steps” are; instead he continues to bash on how regrettable the UN’s decision is. If Canada feels so strongly about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Palestine’s statehood, then we should be taking some action and we should propose some possible negotiations. Instead, Canada sits back and watches what unfolds whilst showing its distaste for the recognition of Palestine. New Democratic Leader Tom Mulcair criticizes Canada’s position on the Palestinian statehood issue saying that Canada, under the Conservative government, shows “negativism, reproach, attack, threats,” (Parry). Mulcair says "We would like to see Canada playing a constructive role as we once proudly did on the world stage. Under Mr. Harper 's Conservatives, we no longer play a constructive role," (Parry). Mulcair believes that Canada no longer plays a positively influential role in world issues. Compared to other nations, we really do not have much of an influence on the Palestinian statehood issue. We are a minority not just as a population, but as a nation, because of our lack of action and influence. Alistair Edgar, a political science professor at Wilfred Laurier University and executive director of the Academic Council of the UN system, said, “We have zero leverage in the UN system, we’ve given it up over the last 10 years. There is nothing we can really do. At this point, it is all wind. We’ve sent our troops to other priorities, we’ve reduced aid to African nations, and we’ve reduced our peacekeeping efforts. We’re just not doing enough internationally to have people care about what we think,” (Humphreys). Edgar also believes Canada does not play an influential role like we did in the past. He says “We’re just not doing enough internationally to have people care about what we think,” (Humphreys) which truly shows our lack of leadership which contributes to our lack of influence. We really do not do enough internationally that make us a great leading nation. Others may see us as a supporter, but we do not lead actions. As in this Israeli-Palestinian conflict, our Prime Minister Stephen Harper and our Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird both expressed their negative views towards the UN’s decision to recognize Palestine as an a independent state, but they are not directly helping to negotiate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or even coming up with a peace offering to help both states. Canada’s continued negative talking but lack of action on Palestinian statehood shows Canada’s lack of leadership and lack of influence on this situation. Canada has cowardly backed out of the Kyoto Protocol and more recently, has cancelled their position at the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. The Kyoto Protocol was made in 1997 by the UNFCCC (United Nations Convention on Climate Change) in Kyoto, Japan. The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by 2012. Canada had agreed to reduce our greenhouse gas emission levels by 6% below 1990 levels by the year 2012. Since we are a developed country, we had legal binding targets, meaning if we did not reach this goal, we would have financial penalties. By 2011, we were miserably failing to achieve our goal of 6% and have reached more than 30% above 1990 levels. Canada would be facing major financial penalties in 2012, an estimated $14 billion, but we officially pulled out to avoid them. Canada officially announced its withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol on December 12, 2011 to avoid financial penalties. The David Suzuki Foundation says, “The current government has, unfortunately, moved Canada backwards on climate change. It announced that it would not even try to meet its Kyoto targets,” (Suzuki). The David Suzuki Foundation notes on Canada’s great failure to meet Kyoto targets and our government’s plans to not even try to meet them. Prior to our withdrawal, the government announced it would be cutting back on the funding on Canada’s climate change plan and it would also cut most of Canada’s climate change programs. Canada is not a good supporter of environmental action, let alone a leader. The Kyoto Protocol is the only legally binding climate change agreement in the world. To withdraw out of such an important act because of our failure is a huge shame. NDP Environment Critic Megan Leslie describes Canada’s position as a kid failing a class; "What this is really about is the fact that our government is abdicating its international obligations. It 's like we 're the kid who 's failing the class so we have to drop it before that happens," (CBC News). Canada has made different plans to tackle global warming, but they are far off of “science-based targets for avoiding dangerous levels of climate change,” (Suzuki). Canada has proposed to drop Canada’s emission levels to 3 percent below 1990 levels by 2020, but the science-based target is at least 25 percent below 1990 levels to keep a stable environment. More recently, Canada has quietly pulled out of the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. We are the only and the first country out of the 194 nations that are part of the UN to withdraw from it. NDP Foreign Affairs Critic Paul Dewar says, “shows … that the government is clearly outside of what is international norms here. We’re increasing our isolation by doing this,” (Blanchfield). Canada truly does isolate itself when it comes to environmental issues. We were the only country that ratified the Kyoto Protocol and then withdrew out of it and now we are withdrawing out of an Anti-Drought Convention. Isolating ourselves from international norms clearly does not put us in any type of leadership or supporting role. The government also is being very suspicious by withdrawing out of the Convention secretly without giving any real public statement. The UN was informed of Canada’s withdrawal through a phone call received by the secretariat that administrates the Convention from The Canadian Press that the cabinet order states, “authorizes the Minister of Foreign Affairs to take the actions necessary to withdraw, on behalf of Canada, from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, in those Countries Experiencing Severe Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa,” (The Canadian Press). Paul Dewar questions the government and their motives and asks “Was this something that they were hoping no one would notice?” (The Canadian Press). Another suspicious thing is the membership cost. International Cooperation Minister Julian Fantino said, “membership in this convention was costly for Canadians,” (The Toronto Star). According to the Toronto Star, “Membership appears to have cost Canadians $350,000 last year — the equivalent of a departmental rounding error or less than 2 per cent of what the government spent on “Economic Action Plan” advertising over the same period,” (The Toronto Star). This type of suspicious activity and hiding important decisions from the public is not considered good leadership. Canada clearly is no leader when it comes to environmental issues as we have withdrew from both the world’s only legally binding international agreement on climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, due to our severe failure to meet the goals, and the only and first country to withdraw out of the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. Canada does not do a very good job when it comes to leadership in UN affairs. Our early ignorance of the Rwandan Genocide put us in a following position and we did not respond as fast or as strong as we could have because of our ignorance. The Canadian government continues to show its disliking of Palestinian statehood, but does not take any action to help out the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. On environmental issues, Canada is not even a good supporter, let alone a leader, as we are the only country to have withdrew out of the Kyoto Protocol and the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. These incidents in history show Canada’s great lack of leadership and we must start taking action and suggesting plans in UN world affairs to be considered a leading helpful nation by the rest of the world.
Works Cited
UHRC.
"Genocide in Rwanda." United Human Rights Council. United Human Rights Council, 26 May 2009. Web. 08 May 2013.
Hampson, Sarah. "Romeo Dallaire Rages against Canada." The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc., 3 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2013.
Black, Debra. "Why Did Ottawa Ignore Warnings of Rwandan Genocide?" Thestar.com. Toronto Star Newspaper Ltd., 22 May 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2013.
News, CBC. "GG Apologizes for Rwandan Genocide Inaction." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 21 Apr. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2013.
Humphreys, Adrian. "Canada One of Only Nine Countries to Vote against ‘symbolic’ Palestinian statehood." National Post. Postmedia Network Inc., 29 Nov. 2012. Web. 06 May 2013.
Parry, Tom. "Baird Going to UN to Oppose Palestinian Statehood Bid." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 05 May 2013.
Suzuki, David. "Canada and the Kyoto Protocol." David Suzuki Foundation. David Suzuki Foundation, n.d. Web. 04 May 2013.
Curry, Bill, and McCarthy, Shawn. "Canada Formally Abandons Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change." The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc., 12 Dec. 2011. Web. 05 May 2013.
News, CBC. "Canada Pulls out of Kyoto Protocol." CBC Mews. CBC/Radio Canada, 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 08 May
2013
Press, The Canadian. "Canada Quietly Pulls out of UN Anti-droughts Convention." CBC News. CBC/Radio Canada, 27 Mar. 2013. Web. 04 May 2013
"Why Is Canada the Only Country to Quit UN Anti-drought Convention?" The Star. Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd., 30 Mar. 2013. Web. 06 May 2013.
did not adequately respond to the Rwandan genocide conflict in 1994. We responded too late and too lightly because of our ignorance. We received many detailing reports about the intense violence that was going on against the Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Canadian Government received these reports months before the genocide started in April. The government received many reports about the increasing ethnic tensions that were going on and the increasing violence that foreshadowed a civil war, but we chose to ignore them. We received reports as early as February 17, when Denis Provost a Canadian consul in Rwanda sent a fax of a press meeting of African ambassadors in Rwanda.
The fax reports showed that the UN missions had proof that there were militia training camps and that weapons were passed out to Tutsis- an obvious move of preparation of a massacre. Major Brent Beardsley a military aide to Romeo Dallaire during the genocide said, “Ottawa knew something was going on. . . everyone was sitting back and waiting for some else to take a lead,”(Black). Canada had reports foreshadowing a civil war and we chose to ignore them. Beardsley’s statement shows that Canada did not take a leadership role and just sat back and waited for someone else to take it. We should have taken action and proposed a plan to stop the genocide as soon as we were getting these gruesome reports. Beardsley also says that the government did not have Rwanda has a priority and because of this, they chose to ignore the reports (Black). This shows Canada’s ignorance of the situation. Canada had an attitude of “it’s not our problem” and because it doesn 't affect Canada in a major way, they decided to ignore the situation. Even our then foreign affairs minister, Andre Ouellet, acknowledged our …show more content…
lack of intervention saying, “You know we are all responsible in the sense nobody woke up on time,” (Black). Ouellet is acknowledging the fact the no one stood up and brought the issue to the United Nations’ attention as a major crisis before the genocide started, when we were first getting reports. Canada had the reports and could’ve taken the leadership role and brought it to the United Nations’ attention. Then they could have proposed a plan to prevent the genocide from happening, such as placing troops there earlier or having armed troops. Romeo Dallaire, the Canadian general that led UNAMIR said, “The rage I have is towards our ineptness and sense of irresponsibility to those who expect us to be in a leadership role,” (Hampson). Dallaire talked about our lack of leadership. He was the one who experienced our ignorance and cowardly instincts as he was the Canadian general that wanted to actually do something about it. He asked for reinforcement from the UN as soon as Habyarimana’s death, but was denied; not even his own country helped him. We ignored Dallaire’s cries for help and action and continued to just follow the UN’s ineffective solution. The UNAMIR chose not to use force and were only successful in helping survivors out and counting the dead. Canada should have stood up at the UN meetings and should have assisted Dallaire and ask for armed troops to be put in place to prevent more violence. Our former Governor General, Michaelle Jean, apologized in 2010 after a visit to Rwanda, “The world 's failure to respond adequately to the genocide is a failure in which Canada — as part of the international community — readily acknowledges its fair share of responsibility,” (CBC News). Our former governor general apologizing for our failure to adequately response to the Rwandan genocide shows Canada’s lack of leadership and intervention. "I think we could have made a difference," she told reporters later. "I think we could have prevented the magnitude of the horror that brought genocide here," (CBC News). Michaelle Jean further proves that argument that Canada does not take a leadership role as she acknowledges the fact that we could have a difference and we could have prevented the genocide. If Canada had taken a leadership role in trying to prevent and stop the genocide in Rwanda, we could have saved thousands of lives and be known as a leader for intolerance of violence and discrimination. Canada chose to vote no for Palestine being recognized as an independent state at UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) and our government has been showing its negative view on this issue, but Canada does not even try to help out the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Palestine successfully won by a landslide; 138 for yes and 9 for no. Palestine’s recognition as an independent state did not come with any statehood laws or official borders, but was just as a symbolic action for the Palestinians. It did not impose any political or harmful threats to Israel or any other country, but just as an identity to be recognized as a separate state from Israel. Canada chose to vote against Palestine being recognized as an independent state because PM Stephen Harper believes, "We favour a two-state solution in this region, that will not be accomplished in reality unless and until the Palestinian Authority returns to the negotiating table and is able to get a comprehensive peace agreement with Israel," (Parry). Stephen Harper believes that this recognition will not help the Israeli-Palestine conflict and will just make it worse. Stephen Harper demonstrated his reasoning on Palestine’s statehood vote, but he did not state how Canada will help the Palestinians and Israelis come to peace. Also, our foreign affairs minister John Baird said, “It is for these reasons that Canada is voting against this resolution. As a result of this body’s utterly regrettable decision to abandon policy and principle, we will be considering all available next steps,” (Humphreys). John Baird expresses his strong dislike for the UN’s decision to recognize Palestine as an independent state, calling it an “utterly regrettable decision” and says that Canada will be “considering all available next steps.” However, Baird does not elaborate or explain what those “next steps” are; instead he continues to bash on how regrettable the UN’s decision is. If Canada feels so strongly about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Palestine’s statehood, then we should be taking some action and we should propose some possible negotiations. Instead, Canada sits back and watches what unfolds whilst showing its distaste for the recognition of Palestine. New Democratic Leader Tom Mulcair criticizes Canada’s position on the Palestinian statehood issue saying that Canada, under the Conservative government, shows “negativism, reproach, attack, threats,” (Parry). Mulcair says "We would like to see Canada playing a constructive role as we once proudly did on the world stage. Under Mr. Harper 's Conservatives, we no longer play a constructive role," (Parry). Mulcair believes that Canada no longer plays a positively influential role in world issues. Compared to other nations, we really do not have much of an influence on the Palestinian statehood issue. We are a minority not just as a population, but as a nation, because of our lack of action and influence. Alistair Edgar, a political science professor at Wilfred Laurier University and executive director of the Academic Council of the UN system, said, “We have zero leverage in the UN system, we’ve given it up over the last 10 years. There is nothing we can really do. At this point, it is all wind. We’ve sent our troops to other priorities, we’ve reduced aid to African nations, and we’ve reduced our peacekeeping efforts. We’re just not doing enough internationally to have people care about what we think,” (Humphreys). Edgar also believes Canada does not play an influential role like we did in the past. He says “We’re just not doing enough internationally to have people care about what we think,” (Humphreys) which truly shows our lack of leadership which contributes to our lack of influence. We really do not do enough internationally that make us a great leading nation. Others may see us as a supporter, but we do not lead actions. As in this Israeli-Palestinian conflict, our Prime Minister Stephen Harper and our Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird both expressed their negative views towards the UN’s decision to recognize Palestine as an a independent state, but they are not directly helping to negotiate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or even coming up with a peace offering to help both states. Canada’s continued negative talking but lack of action on Palestinian statehood shows Canada’s lack of leadership and lack of influence on this situation. Canada has cowardly backed out of the Kyoto Protocol and more recently, has cancelled their position at the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. The Kyoto Protocol was made in 1997 by the UNFCCC (United Nations Convention on Climate Change) in Kyoto, Japan. The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by 2012. Canada had agreed to reduce our greenhouse gas emission levels by 6% below 1990 levels by the year 2012. Since we are a developed country, we had legal binding targets, meaning if we did not reach this goal, we would have financial penalties. By 2011, we were miserably failing to achieve our goal of 6% and have reached more than 30% above 1990 levels. Canada would be facing major financial penalties in 2012, an estimated $14 billion, but we officially pulled out to avoid them. Canada officially announced its withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol on December 12, 2011 to avoid financial penalties. The David Suzuki Foundation says, “The current government has, unfortunately, moved Canada backwards on climate change. It announced that it would not even try to meet its Kyoto targets,” (Suzuki). The David Suzuki Foundation notes on Canada’s great failure to meet Kyoto targets and our government’s plans to not even try to meet them. Prior to our withdrawal, the government announced it would be cutting back on the funding on Canada’s climate change plan and it would also cut most of Canada’s climate change programs. Canada is not a good supporter of environmental action, let alone a leader. The Kyoto Protocol is the only legally binding climate change agreement in the world. To withdraw out of such an important act because of our failure is a huge shame. NDP Environment Critic Megan Leslie describes Canada’s position as a kid failing a class; "What this is really about is the fact that our government is abdicating its international obligations. It 's like we 're the kid who 's failing the class so we have to drop it before that happens," (CBC News). Canada has made different plans to tackle global warming, but they are far off of “science-based targets for avoiding dangerous levels of climate change,” (Suzuki). Canada has proposed to drop Canada’s emission levels to 3 percent below 1990 levels by 2020, but the science-based target is at least 25 percent below 1990 levels to keep a stable environment. More recently, Canada has quietly pulled out of the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. We are the only and the first country out of the 194 nations that are part of the UN to withdraw from it. NDP Foreign Affairs Critic Paul Dewar says, “shows … that the government is clearly outside of what is international norms here. We’re increasing our isolation by doing this,” (Blanchfield). Canada truly does isolate itself when it comes to environmental issues. We were the only country that ratified the Kyoto Protocol and then withdrew out of it and now we are withdrawing out of an Anti-Drought Convention. Isolating ourselves from international norms clearly does not put us in any type of leadership or supporting role. The government also is being very suspicious by withdrawing out of the Convention secretly without giving any real public statement. The UN was informed of Canada’s withdrawal through a phone call received by the secretariat that administrates the Convention from The Canadian Press that the cabinet order states, “authorizes the Minister of Foreign Affairs to take the actions necessary to withdraw, on behalf of Canada, from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, in those Countries Experiencing Severe Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa,” (The Canadian Press). Paul Dewar questions the government and their motives and asks “Was this something that they were hoping no one would notice?” (The Canadian Press). Another suspicious thing is the membership cost. International Cooperation Minister Julian Fantino said, “membership in this convention was costly for Canadians,” (The Toronto Star). According to the Toronto Star, “Membership appears to have cost Canadians $350,000 last year — the equivalent of a departmental rounding error or less than 2 per cent of what the government spent on “Economic Action Plan” advertising over the same period,” (The Toronto Star). This type of suspicious activity and hiding important decisions from the public is not considered good leadership. Canada clearly is no leader when it comes to environmental issues as we have withdrew from both the world’s only legally binding international agreement on climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, due to our severe failure to meet the goals, and the only and first country to withdraw out of the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. Canada does not do a very good job when it comes to leadership in UN affairs. Our early ignorance of the Rwandan Genocide put us in a following position and we did not respond as fast or as strong as we could have because of our ignorance. The Canadian government continues to show its disliking of Palestinian statehood, but does not take any action to help out the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. On environmental issues, Canada is not even a good supporter, let alone a leader, as we are the only country to have withdrew out of the Kyoto Protocol and the UN’s Anti-Drought Convention. These incidents in history show Canada’s great lack of leadership and we must start taking action and suggesting plans in UN world affairs to be considered a leading helpful nation by the rest of the world.
Works Cited
UHRC.
"Genocide in Rwanda." United Human Rights Council. United Human Rights Council, 26 May 2009. Web. 08 May 2013.
Hampson, Sarah. "Romeo Dallaire Rages against Canada." The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc., 3 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2013.
Black, Debra. "Why Did Ottawa Ignore Warnings of Rwandan Genocide?" Thestar.com. Toronto Star Newspaper Ltd., 22 May 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2013.
News, CBC. "GG Apologizes for Rwandan Genocide Inaction." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 21 Apr. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2013.
Humphreys, Adrian. "Canada One of Only Nine Countries to Vote against ‘symbolic’ Palestinian statehood." National Post. Postmedia Network Inc., 29 Nov. 2012. Web. 06 May 2013.
Parry, Tom. "Baird Going to UN to Oppose Palestinian Statehood Bid." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 05 May 2013.
Suzuki, David. "Canada and the Kyoto Protocol." David Suzuki Foundation. David Suzuki Foundation, n.d. Web. 04 May 2013.
Curry, Bill, and McCarthy, Shawn. "Canada Formally Abandons Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change." The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc., 12 Dec. 2011. Web. 05 May 2013.
News, CBC. "Canada Pulls out of Kyoto Protocol." CBC Mews. CBC/Radio Canada, 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 08 May
2013
Press, The Canadian. "Canada Quietly Pulls out of UN Anti-droughts Convention." CBC News. CBC/Radio Canada, 27 Mar. 2013. Web. 04 May 2013
"Why Is Canada the Only Country to Quit UN Anti-drought Convention?" The Star. Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd., 30 Mar. 2013. Web. 06 May 2013.