6.2.5 Statistical Analysis System

6.2.5 Statistical analysis The values are expressed as mean ± SEM. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance using SPSS (version 17) statistical analysis program. Duncan’s post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to determine significant differences among groups. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Liver function tests
Liver toxicity markers were assayed to assess hepatic injury. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly altered in the diabetic control group, indicating damage to hepatocytes. The hepatic toxicity markers in normal rats treated with ABE did not show any significant difference in
Values are expressed as mean ± SEM of seven rats in each group; significance accepted at P < 0.05. ‘a’ statistically significant as compared to normal group. ‘b’ statistically significant as compared to diabetic group. ‘c’ statistically significant as compared to ABE treated diabetic group.

6.3.2 Activities of antioxidant enzymes
The activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx, GRd and SOD in liver, pancreas and heart were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared with the normal control group. But the oral administration of ABE or metformin significantly (P < 0.05) increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic group. However, the ABE treated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes than metformin in diabetic rats. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were comparable in normal and normal rats treated with ABE. N N+ABE

D D+ABE D+Met CAT (×10−3 units/mg
The elevation observed in the levels of TBARS, HP and CD in liver, pancreas and heart of diabetic rats were declined (P < 0.05) significantly by ABE and metformin treatment. ABE treated diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation products as compared to metformin treated diabetic rats. The treatment with ABE to normal rats did not cause any significant change in the levels of TBARS, HP and CD as compared to normal control rats.
The concentration of major intracellular antioxidant, GSH content was significantly decreased in the liver, pancreas and heart of diabetic control groups. The decreased level of GSH in diabetic animals was significantly increased by the ABE or metformin treatment. ABE treated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the levels of GSH as compared to metformin treated diabetic rats. Administration of ABE to normal rats did not show any significant effect in the level of GSH as compared with normal control rats. N N+ABE

D D+ABE