Metformin Case Study
2-Biguanides
The only available biguanide medication is metformin. (Rang et al., 2003; The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (2017) reported that metformin is commonly used as a first-line treatment for type II diabetes (Bennett et al., 2011; Inzucchi et al., 2012 and Qaseem et al., 2012).
Metformin's main effect is to decrease liver glucose production (Kirpichnikov et al., 2002). It also increases insulin sensitivity, which increases peripheral glucose uptake (Collier et al., 2006). Its glucose-decreasing effect is mainly a consequence of reduced hepatic glucose output and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogenesis in skeletal muscle (Kirpichnikov et al., 2002). Another action of metformin is to reduce fatty
acid oxidation in an apparently insulin-independent manner (Collier et al., 2006).
The only available biguanide medication is metformin. (Rang et al., 2003; The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (2017) reported that metformin is commonly used as a first-line treatment for type II diabetes (Bennett et al., 2011; Inzucchi et al., 2012 and Qaseem et al., 2012).
Metformin's main effect is to decrease liver glucose production (Kirpichnikov et al., 2002). It also increases insulin sensitivity, which increases peripheral glucose uptake (Collier et al., 2006). Its glucose-decreasing effect is mainly a consequence of reduced hepatic glucose output and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogenesis in skeletal muscle (Kirpichnikov et al., 2002). Another action of metformin is to reduce fatty
acid oxidation in an apparently insulin-independent manner (Collier et al., 2006).